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Business computing

Business computing. Session 4 Second session on Excel. Group division. Due to the lack of seats and computers in room A211 the two groups are split into two sub-groups : Morning November 12th 2003 (Group B) 9:00 -> 10:30 : Antoine to Pouyat 10:45 -> 12:15 : Ren Yuan to Zhu Xi Min

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Business computing

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  1. Business computing Session 4 Second session on Excel

  2. Group division • Due to the lack of seats and computers in room A211 the two groups are split into two sub-groups : • Morning November 12th 2003 (Group B) • 9:00 -> 10:30 : Antoine to Pouyat • 10:45 -> 12:15 : Ren Yuan to Zhu Xi Min • Afternoon (Group A) • 14:00 -> 15:30 : Chandlee to Liu Jin • 15:45 -> 17:15 : Ma Xing Tang to Zhou Yan Jun

  3. Plan of the session • Go to lapasserelle site, last year’s course

  4. What is a G.U.I. ?

  5. Screens before the GUI

  6. What is a G.U.I. ? • Some operating systems incorporate a GUI, and some (older ones) do not • Graphical User Interface : it is a component of the Op Syst that presents all the relevant information in the computer in a graphical on the screen, a bit like an office

  7. How to insert illustrations ? • A picture is worth 1000 words • One way to insert a picture : • Select a window you want to copy • Press AltGr + PrintScreen • It copies a picture of the window into a clipboard (we don’t see it) • Then paste the image onto the PowerPoint slide

  8. The history of GUI (1) • In the 40s, 50s, 60s and 70s the interface man-computer was not graphical : • Input : keyboards (or even tapes, or decks of cards) • Output : at first paper listings up until the late 60’s • Then the output became a screen, but without the graphical interface we are used to.

  9. Inputs • Inputs • Old days (40s to 60s) • Hollerith cards • Tapes were also used • Now • Keyboard • Sometimes : microphone

  10. Output • In the old days (60s) : paper listings • In the 70s : screens with no GUI • In the 80s and after : screens with an operating system that incorporate a GUI

  11. The history of GUI (2) • In the 70s Xerox investigated the possibility to have a graphical interface • Steve Jobs visited Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in the mid 70s http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Shustek/ShustekTour-05.html • He decided to apply these ideas to the Lisa (a commercial flop) • Then to the Macintosh (1984) a great success • Microsoft followed suit with Windows I, Windows II (not very convincing), Windows 3, Windows 3.1, Win95, Win98, Win2000, WinXP • Linux also has GUI (Gnome and KDE) but many people still prefer non GUI

  12. Excel review • A cell has an address, a name and a content : • The content : • A number • A chain of characters • A formula

  13. Origins of spreadsheets • Bricklin was a student at Harvard and he had to do plenty of financial analyses of profitability of projects, with varying hypotheses • He invented (with Frankston) the spreadsheet on the Apple II (way before the graphical user interface) • It was a great success because it was very useful

  14. Spreadsheet (tableur) • A blank spreadsheet is just a grid of empty cells

  15. Naming • We can give names to cells • We can name whole columns and whole rows

  16. Arithmetic • In American elementary schools we learn the « three r’s » : • Reading • Writing • Arithmetic

  17. Arithmetical operations

  18. Let’s study formulas • Addition • Subtraction (http://www.dictionary.com) • Multiplication • Division • Power • Logical formula

  19. Formulas • In a formula we can call cells of the same sheet for instance « =C2+D3 » • Or cells of another sheet for instance « =parameters!C2 + parameters!D5 »

  20. Dictionary

  21. Use and misuse of parentheses • We should always be careful with correct positioning of parentheses • = 1+2+3*4 is different from = (1+2+3)*4 • In doubt put more parentheses • =100/(1+12%)^2 • Write =100/((1+12%)^2)

  22. Logical functions

  23. The function IF

  24. Non dynamic pasting

  25. Dynamic pasting (dynamic link)

  26. Dynamic pasting of a graphic

  27. Review : the secrets of copying within Excel • Five types of copying • Simple copying • Increment copying • Built in lists • Custom lists (tools->options->custom lists…) • $ sign copying

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