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Chapter 2

Computer Hardware. Chapter 2. Chapter Contents. Section A: Personal Computer Basics Section B: Microprocessors and Memory Section C: Storage Devices Section D: Input and Output Devices Section E: Hardware Security. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware. 2. Personal Computer Basics.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Computer Hardware Chapter 2

  2. Chapter Contents Section A: Personal Computer Basics Section B: Microprocessors and Memory Section C: Storage Devices Section D: Input and Output Devices Section E: Hardware Security Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 2

  3. Personal Computer Basics Personal Computer Systems Desktop and Portable Computers Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems Buying Computer System Components Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 3

  4. Personal Computer Systems Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 4

  5. Desktop and Portable Computers The term form factor refers to the size and dimensions of a component, such as a system board or system unit A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 5

  6. Desktop and Portable Computers A portable computer is a small, lightweight personal computer A notebook computer (also referred to as a laptop), is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clamshell to reveal a screen and keyboard A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad An ultra-mobile PC (UMPC) is a small form factor tablet computer designed to run most of the software available for larger portable computers Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 6

  7. Desktop and Portable Computers Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 7

  8. Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems A home computer system offers a hardware platform with adequate, but not super-charged support for most computer applications A Media Center PC includes components for integrating computers, televisions, home theaters, and audio systems Some of the most cutting-edge computers are designed for gaming Computers marketed for small business applications tend to be middle-of-the-line models pared down to essentials Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 8

  9. Buying Computer System Components Browse through computer magazines and online computer stores to get a general idea of features and prices Decide on a budget and stick to it Make a list of the ways you plan to use your computer Select a platform Decide on a form factor Select peripherals, software, and accessories Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 9

  10. Buying Computer System Components Instead of buying a new computer, you might consider upgrading Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 10

  11. Microprocessors and Memory Microprocessor Basics Today’s Microprocessors Random Access Memory Read-only Memory EEPROM Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 11

  12. A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions Most expensive component of a computer Microprocessor Basics Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 12

  13. Microprocessor Basics Front side bus HyperTransport Microprocessor clock Megahertz Gigahertz Word size Cache Level 1 cache (L1) Level 2 cache (L2) CISC vs. RISC technology Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 13

  14. Microprocessor Basics Serial processing Pipelining Parallel processing Multi-core processor Hyper-Threading Technology Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 14

  15. Today’s Microprocessors Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 15

  16. Random Access Memory Random Access Memory is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 16

  17. Random Access Memory Microscopic capacitors hold the bits that represent data Most RAM is volatile Requires electrical power to hold data Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 17

  18. Random Access Memory RAM capacity is expressed in megabytes or gigabytes Personal computers typically feature between 256MB and 2GB of RAM An area of the hard disk, called virtual memory, can be used if an application runs out of allocated RAM Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 18

  19. Random Access Memory RAM speed is often expressed in nanoseconds or megahertz SDRAM is fast and relatively inexpensive DDR or DDR2 RDRAM is more expensive, and usually found in high-performance workstations Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 19

  20. Read-Only Memory ROM is a type of memory circuitry that holds the computer’s startup routine Permanent and non-volatile The ROM BIOS tells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 20

  21. EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory More permanent than RAM, and less permanent than ROM Requires no power to hold data Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 21

  22. Storage Devices Storage Basics Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology CD and DVD Technology Solid State Storage Storage Wrap-up Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 22

  23. Storage Basics A storage medium contains data A storage device records and retrieves data from a storage medium Data gets copied from a storage device into RAM, where it waits to be processed Processed data is held temporarily in RAM before it is copied to a storage medium Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 23

  24. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surface Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 24

  25. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Hard disk platters and read-write heads are sealed inside the drive case or cartridge to screen out dust and other contaminants. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 25

  26. A controller positions the disk and read-write heads to locate data SATA Ultra ATA EIDE SCSI Not as durable as many other storage technologies Head crash Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 26

  27. Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology A floppy disk is a round piece of flexible mylar plastic covered with a thin layer of magnetic oxide and sealed inside a protective casing A tape drive is a device that reads data from and writes data to a long stream of recordable media similar to the tapes used in audio cassettes A tape is a sequential storage medium Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 27

  28. CD and DVD Technology Optical storage stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surface CD and DVD storage technologies Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 28

  29. CD and DVD Technology Today’s DVD drives typically have 16X speeds for a data transfer rate of 177.28 Mbps Three categories of optical technologies Read-only (ROM) Recordable (R) Rewritable (RW) Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 29

  30. CD and DVD Technology CD-DA DVD-Video CD-ROM DVD-ROM CD-R DVD+R or DVD-R CD-RW DVD+RW or DVD-RW Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 30

  31. CD and DVD Technology Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 31

  32. Solid State Storage Solid state storage technology stores data in an erasable, rewritable circuitry Non-volatile Card reader may be required to read data on solid state storage Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 32

  33. Solid State Storage A USB flash drive is a portable storage device that plugs directly into a computer’s USB port using a built-in connector A U3 drive is a special type of USB flash drive that is preconfigured to autoplay when it is inserted into a computer Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 33

  34. Storage Wrap-up Most desktop computers have several drive bays, some accessible from outside the case, and others—designed for hard disk drives—without any external access. Empty drive bays are typically hidden from view with a face plate. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 34

  35. Storage Wrap-up Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 35

  36. Input and Output Devices Basic Input Devices Display Devices Printers Installing Peripheral Devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 36

  37. Basic Input Devices Keyboard Pointing device Pointing stick Trackpad Trackball Joystick Touch-sensitive screen Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 37

  38. Display Devices A CRT display device uses a bulky glass tube An LCD manipulates light within a layer of liquid crystal cells Plasma screen technology illuminates lights arranged in a panel-like screen Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 38

  39. Display Devices Viewable image size Dot pitch Viewing angle width Refresh rate Color depth Resolution VGA, SVGA, XGA, SXGA, UXGA, and WUXGA Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 39

  40. Display Devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 40

  41. Display Devices Graphics circuitry generates the signals for displaying an image on the screen Integrated graphics Graphics card Graphics processing unit (GPU) Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 41

  42. Printers An ink-jet printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays ink onto paper A laser printer works like a photocopier Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 42

  43. Printers Laser printers are a popular technology when high-volume output or good-quality printouts are required. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 43

  44. Printers Dot matrix printers produce characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wires The wires strike a ribbon and the paper Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 44

  45. Printers Printer features Resolution Print speed Duty cycle Operating costs • Duplex capability • Memory • Networkability Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 45

  46. Installing Peripheral Devices Many new devices can be connected to an external USB port The data bus moves data within the computer Expansion cards are small circuit boards that give the computer additional capabilities Expansion slot ISA PCI AGP PC slot PC card Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 46

  47. Installing Peripheral Devices An expansion card simply slides into an expansion slot and is secured with a small screw. Before you open the case, make sure you unplug the computer and ground yourself—that’s technical jargon for releasing static electricity by using a special grounding wristband or by touching both hands to a metal object. Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 47

  48. Installing Peripheral Devices An expansion port passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral device Peripheral device may include the Plug and Play feature, or require a device driver Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 48

  49. Installing Peripheral Devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 49

  50. Hardware Security Anti-theft Devices Surge Protection and Battery Backup Basic Maintenance Troubleshooting and Repair Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 50

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