I.R.N. Goudar Head, ICAST National Aerospace Laboratories Bangalore – 560 017

1. Library Consortia Initiatives in India: Best Practices and Issues I.R.N. Goudar Head, ICAST National Aerospace Laboratories Bangalore – 560 017 goudar@css.nal.res.in NCSINET National Centre for Science Information Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 4 March 2006

2. Consortia • Continuing evolution of cooperation among libraries:“Consortia”. • Consortia are all about sharing resources and improving access to • information • Consortia are usually formed when two or more institutions realize • that working together is more effective than working separately. • Formal association of a number of organizations, usually in a • specific geographical area, with agreed goals and objectives. • Consortium is a Strategic Alliance of Institutions that have Common Interests

3. Consortia History • 1960s: Creation of union catalogs • Library Consortia flourish. • 1970s: Interlibrary loans, joint storage, etc. • 1980s: Automation • Stagnation period. • 1990s: Re-flourishing of Consortia for electronic • resources. • 2000s: Consortium of Consortia.

4. Library Cooperatives • Inter library lending •      Cooperative acquisition •       Cooperative cataloguing •       Shared library system •       Physical storage facilities • Seminars/Training Programmes

5. E-Journals Major Players • Primary publishers • Aggregators • Vendors • Document delivery agencies • E-print systems

6. Consortia Goals • Increase the access base – More e-Journals • Rational utilization of funds - A little more pays a lot • Ensure the continuous subscription • Qualitative resource sharing - Effective document delivery service • Avoid price plus models - Pay for up-front products not for R&D • Improved infrastructure • Enhanced image of the library - Visibility for smaller libraries • Improve existing library services - Boosting professional image • Harness developments in IT - Facilitate building digital libraries • Cost sharing for technical and training support • Increase user base – Access from desktops of users

7. Consortia Services • ØUnion catalogues: Books, Journals, Technical Reports, and Conference Procs. • Ø      Shared library systems – Hardware, Software and other infrastructure • Ø      Shared professional expertise – Develop and realize consortia goals • Ø      Human resource development – Training staff and users • Ø      Electronic contents licensing for providing access to • - Bibliographic databases, e-Journals, Full test reports, Conference Proceedings etc. • Ø      Inter Library Lending and Document Delivery • Ø     Electronic content loading – Contents generated by members and acquired on common server. • Ø      Physical storage for archiving – Old back volumes and less used documents. • Ø      Seminar/training programmes – Professional development to serve user community • Ø      Devpt. of enabling technologies – IR systems, Portals and other web interfaces • Evolve standards for techniques, hardware, software and services for the benefit of consortia members .

8. Consortia Models Participants Oriented Models • Geographical location linked: Ex: - Bangalore Special Libraries Group • Libraries in the same discipline: Ex: - Aerospace Libraries Group • Libraries belonging to the same parent organization: Ex: - CSIR LICs • Libraries of academic organizations: Ex: - INFLIBNET • Types of Libraries: Single type / Multi type / Specialized

9. Consortia Models Purpose Oriented Models • Consortia for avoiding duplicate collection • Consortia for accessing electronic journals • Consortia for training and library workshops

10. Consortia Models Client Oriented Models • Clients according to their educational background: Ex: - Technical, Professional • Clients according to their age: Ex: - Children, Senior Citizen • Clients according to their interest: Ex: - sports, game

11. Consortia Values Libraries Vs Publishers

12. Pricing Models

13. Pricing Models • No Universally Acceptable E-journals • Pricing and Licensing Models • Ongoing experimentation • Negotiation possible • Charge for content • Delivery format optional • Increasingly will be based on usage

14. Pricing Models in Operation • Bundled – Free with print • AIP, APS, AMS, Elsevier, Wiley • Print as base + surcharge on electronic • Premium payments range from10-25% • ACS (20%), OSA (25%) • Electronic only • Small increase (ACS 105%) • Same price (OSA) • Discount from print (AIP 80%, AMS 90%) • Totally unbundled – No discount for both • JBC (P- $ 1600, E- $1200, P+E- $ 2800) • Free e-version only • Charge for print if required • British Medical Journal Continue…

15. Pricing Models in Operation …Continued • Membership Fee • Usage based pricing • Concurrent users • Site population • All titles of publishers with print optional • Subject clusters • Pay – per – view • Free completely – Differently funded • Extra fee for software Continue…

16. Pricing Models in Operation …Continued • Extra for value added services • Consortium discount • Number of sites • Consortium surcharge • Access to all consortia titles • All titles of publisher •  Subscription to core titles – Rest pay-per-view • Pricing based on FTE, Concurrent users

23. Strong Links make Strong Consortia Funding Geographical Coverage Strategic Mission Library Types Consortia Issues Payment Programs Practical Staffing Service Technology Governance Tactical

24. Archiving: Key Issues • Perpetual access to bibliographic databases • Perpetual access to e-journals • Who does the archiving? • Consortia, third party • How do we preserve publishers’ interests? • Incorporate archiving terms in agreements • How the data is acquired? • How do we create the access architecture from this data? • Are there software solutions?

25. Licensing Issues National Site Licensing Open Consortia Walk-in-User’s Rights Who will sigh MOU

26. Indian Consortia Initiatives “Coming together is a beginning, staying together leads towards progress and working together results in success”. • Consortia of IIMs • CSIR Consortia • DAE Initiative • FORSA • INDEST (MHRD) • HELINET of RGUHS • ICICI- Knowledge Park • ISRO Initiative • INFLIBNET Initiative • GE Global Research • MCIT Initiative

27. COMSAC • Publisher – Cambridge Scientific Abstracts • Consortium Leader – NAL • Open Consortium • Consortium For Material Science And Aerospace Collection • 25 - 40% Discount

28. CSIR Initiative • 38 Labs • CoMSAC at NAL • Leaders:NAL, NCL, CDRI, RRLT, NIO and IMTECH • NISCAIR – Coordinator • 11th Five year plan – About Rs. 12 Crores • Elsevier – 2002 • Springer, AIP, ASME, ASCE, ACS, RSC, Blackwel, CUP, OUP • > 3200 Titles • Print base subscription

29. CSIR Initiative • Broad based model • - All the Journals to all the labs; • - All the Journals to select labs; • - Select journals to all the labs; and • - Select Journals to Select labs. • Access • - IP Enabled / Login – Password • - Unlimited users, search, browse, download, print • Usage Statistics • -Monthly, Journal-wise, IP address, Lab wise, • Session/downloads of abstracts/full texts, etc • o

30. CSIR Initiative • Archival Policy • - For the period of agreement on the prevalent formats on • CD-ROM, DVD, etc • - Retrieval software by publisher for network access • - Higher versions of retrieval/technology at no extra cost • Training • - Trainers-Training Program for LIS Personnel • - Multiple locations, two days minimum • - Course ware 5 copies print + Soft copy • - No extra charge • - Unlimited users, search, browse, download, print

31. UGC -INFONET Consortia • Nodal Agency: INFLIBNET Centre • Funded by UGC • 100 Universities • Online only model • Resources: 18 Publishers/Aggregatotrs – ACS, RSC, • Nature Publishing, AIP, IOP, CUP, APS, BIOSIS, • JSTOR, Springer, Elsevier, Emerald, Annual Reviews

32. INDEST (Indian Digital Library for Engineering Science and Technology) • Set up by MHRD • Open ended Consortia • Core members: IISc, IITs, NITs, IIMs • AICTE Supported members • Self supported members • Total 130 • Sources:Science Direct, IEL Online, Springer Verlag’s link, Applied Science & Technology Plus, ABI Inform Complete, ACM Digital Library, ASCE Journals, ASME Journals, COMPENDEX and INSPEC on Ei Village, SciFinder Scholar, MathSciNet, Web of Science, J-Gate and JCCC

33. INDEST …… Services to Members • Technology support to members • Joint archives and storage facility • Shared Digital Library Project Development • Shared E-Reference Service • Common Union Catalog for Books • Developing shared technology resources and infrastructure like meta search engines, Link Servers, etc

34. HELINET Consortia • RGUHS Initiative • Medical, Dental, Nursing, Physiotherapy, Pharmacy Colleges, etc • E-only model • Publishers/ Aggregator Resources: Science Direct, Blackwel, Nature Publishing, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Springer Books, Skolar – MD Books, OVID, Annual Reviews, Benthem Science, CABI Publishing, JCCC • Funding for sources: Students/College Managements • University funds for Infrastructure • Plans to extend the services to the country

35. Consortium of IIMs • Initially lead by IIMK • Their own + Members of INDEST + Individual • Resources: • - E-journals: Elsevier (Business Mgnt and Accounting – 75, …. Science – 39, Economics and Finance - 76), Blackwell (306), Kluwer (now part of Springer, 37), Emerald (131), Wiley (31), Taylor and Francis (35); IEL Online (219), ACM Digital Library (32 titles and also reports); > 5000 titles from Aggregator EBSCO. • - Bibliographic Databases: About 33 bibliographic databases (in case of IIMB – different numbers for others)) including ABI-Inform, JCCC, ECONLIT, Psycoinfo, Sociofile, INSIGHT ( Corporate Database), CRISINFAC, and GMID ( Global Market Information Database). • - E-Books: Ebrary with access to 4000 titles in case of IIMB.

36. FORSA (Forum for Resource Sharing in Astronomy) • Members of FORSA : IIA, IUCAA, NCRA, PRL, RRI, TIFR, • JNCASR, NO, Bose Inst, ARIES and CASA-OU.. • Open Model Consortium • Facilitates e-access to journals • Nature-Online, Kluwer, Springer Publishers • Actively participate in resource sharing • Document delivery (e-mail, fax and speed post) • Database merging of all libraries holdings

37. GE-Global ResearchConsortia • Whitney Knowledge Centre (WKC) • Sources: • Journals – 100 + Elsevier Journals, 40 + Wiley Journals, ASME IOP, Other Popular Journals/Magazines: Science, Nature etc • Databases - MicroPatent: Full text database of patents, Engineering Village 2: Compnendex, CRC ENGNetBASE, IEL database • E-Books – Knovel, NetLibrary • Selected sources for 40 GE Centres • E-Only model after dicontinuation of print subscriptions

38. DEMO

39. Observations on Indian Consortia • Their own genesis, geographical spread, reason for the creation, audience to address and governance and administrative structure • Models in Operation: - Centrally Funded Model: INDEST, UGC – Infonet, and CSIR Consortia - Open-ended Consortia: FORSA, INDEST and GE-Global Research - Closed-ended Consortia: IIM and CSIR - Shared-budget Model: IIM, HELINET and FORSA • Need to sensitise about issues of licenses and agreements • Serious bottleneck - Lack of IT infrastructure • Communication gap between consortia host and participating libraries and publishers • Need to adopt open system, interoperability standards of library systems and digital archives • Usage monitoring based on publishers data • Need for National Consortia

40. Consortia Constraints Specific to Indian Libraries • Lack of awareness about consortia benefits • Slow acceptance of e-information by the users. • Difficulties in changing the mind setup of librarians • Maintenance and balancing both physical and digital library • Inadequate funds • Single point payment • Rigid administrative, financial and auditing rules • Problems of defining asset against payment

41. Consortia Constraints Specific to Indian Libraries …Contd • Pay-Per-View not yet acceptable • Uncertainty about the persistence of digital resources. • Lack of infrastructure for accessing electronic sources • Unreliable telecommunication links and insufficient bandwidth • Lack of appropriate bibliographic tools • Lack of trained personnel for handling new technologies • Absence of strong professional association • Big brother attitude

42. ICOLC: International Coalition of Library Consortia • Consortial leaders with a set of common interests (directors, coordinators of consortia) • Founded spontaneously in early 1997 following discussions by a few people at other national meetings • First meeting 2/1997, Missouri, 30 consortia • Meets twice a year • No dues, no staff -- purely a volunteer effort

43. ICOLC Documents • Public Web site: <http://www.library.yale.edu/consortia> • Documents are developed by volunteer committees and working groups • Documents are widely distributed • Statement of Preferred Practices & Update • Guidelines for Statistical Measures of Usage • Privacy Guidelines

44. National (Indian) Coordination Committee for Consortia Goal To achieve in line with the principle that intellect is an investment and information is as asset, considering both as national property.

45. NCCC: Objectives 1. To evolve suitable guidelines and working documents to initiate and develop consortia at various levels. 2. To work in liaison with Government of India and State Governments as an influential group to initiate and establish consortia at various levels. 3. To work as a focal point for expertise, experts and resource consolidation (fund and information resources). 4. To work in line with various other councils for resource enrichment and quality control for e-resource acquisition and capitalizing e-services. 5. To work in liaison with school of LIS to build high quality HR and expertise. 6. To establish good collaboration with international organizations

46. 7. To undertake continuing education program for in-service professionals. 8. To establish review committees at regional and state level for evaluation and consolidation of time to time developments in the field. 9. To conduct annual meet to motivate professionals inline with ICOLC and set the trend. 10. To develop experts groups in various specialization fields and super specialization in the field and recognise them at National level.

47. NCCC to develop Guidelines • General Guidelines • Governance Guidelines • Management Guidelines • Administrative Guidelines • Operational Guidelines • Access Guidelines • Purchase Guidelines • Pricing Guidelines • Licensing Guidelines • Archiving Guidelines • Evaluation Guidelines • Documentation Guidelines • Guidelines for Statistical Measures • Information Literacy Guidelines

49. Tail Piece “ Man can live individually, but can survive only collectively. Hence, our challenge is to form a progressive community by balancing the interests of the individual and that of the society. To meet this we need to develop a value system where people accept modest sacrifices for the common good” From Vedas – As quoted by Mr. Narayanamurthy (IFOSYS)

50. Thank You