United States Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women Grants to Reduce Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence

1. United States Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women Grants to Reduce Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, Dating Violence and Stalking on Campus Program Survivor Centered Response Training for First Responders and Law Enforcement July 26, 2011

2. Agenda 3 • Introduction of Campus TA Team • Webinar Technical Instructions • Webinar Presentation • Q & A • Announcements • Acknowledgements

3. Campus TA Team 2 Dan Esparza, Director of Campus Programs dan@calcasa.org Livia Rojas, Training & Resource Coordinator livia@calcasa.org Leah Lyon, Director llyon@ecok.edu Cassie Holloway, Program Assistant casrhol@ecok.edu Dorothy Edwards, Director dedwards@kdva.org Jennifer Sayre, Director of Training & Development jsayre@kdva.org Althea Hart, Training & Resource Specialist ahart@mscasa.org Levette Johnson, Executive Director lkelly@mscasa.org

4. How to use the Technology 4 Raise Hand Q & A Text Chat PowerPoint Slides

5. Chatting on iLinc 5 Have you submitted your progress report? Use chat to answer

6. Survivor Response Training for First Responders & Law Enforcement 6 Teresa White-Walston Director of Education Women Organized Against Rape teresa@woar.org

7. What Trainings Should Accomplish 7 • Establish goals and objectives based upon campus’ needs. • Furnish skills and tools to support participants’ ability to achieve goals and objectives.

8. The Value of Survivor-Centered Response Training 8 • Prepares campus safety teams and first responders to handle sexual assaults/DV/stalking incidents. • Requires one to confront one’s own perception regarding sexual violence issues. • Establishes/reinforces standard of care and treatment of Survivors. • Provides an opportunity to reinforce campus safety policies and practices.

9. The Value of Survivor Centered Response Training 9 • Survivor-centered training is an opportunity to discuss the cultivation of the image which Campus Safety Teams/Law Enforcement want to convey to consumers. • Approachable • Caring • Supportive • Effective • Hard on crime

10. What Should Be Included in Trainings? 10 Concepts

11. Concepts 11 • Risk factors which contribute to sexual assault: • Campus Logistics • Examination of student/staff population • International students • Students with special needs • Examination of student activities both on/off campus

12. Training Concepts 12 • Sexual violence/DV/Stalking is a crime. • Examination of state/local law • Updated Campus Policies • Examination of any incidents. • Impact of Sexual Violence/DV/Stalking incidents on survivors and families.

13. Training Concepts 13 • Impact of sexual violence/DV/Stalking crimes on the campus. • Survivor reporting concerns. • No one plans to be a victim. • Understanding Offenders • Are there practices which foster victimization? • Offender patterns • Serial offenders

14. Training Concepts 14 • Federal Laws which govern the reporting of crimes. • Campus policies/protocols for responding to crimes. • Campus Police response concerns. • Obstacles to obtaining information • Campus Alliances • Interfaces between campus agencies. • Vicarious Trauma.

15. How to Engage Law Enforcement Agencies? 15 • First Responders/Law Enforcement members are also family members. • Affects the life of the survivor. • Affects the life of the offender.

16. How to Engage Law Enforcement Agencies? 16 The number of incidents, type of incidents and response to incidents affect the campus community’s perception of Campus Safety Teams/Law Enforcement’s effectiveness to ensure safety.

17. Sexual Violence General Prevalence Rates 17 • 1 in 3 females and 1 in 5 males will be the victim of some form of sexual violence by the age of 18. • In the U.S., a sexual assault occurs every 2 minutes. • National Sexual Violence Resource Center

18. Campus Impact 18 • Three percent of all college women become victims of rape (either completed or attempted) within a 9-month academic year. • 35 crimes for every 1,000 students. U.S. Department of Justice – 2005 Report Sexual Assaults on Campus: What Colleges & Universities Are Doing About It

19. Campus Impact 19 • Schools seldom expel offenders who are responsible for sexual assaults. • Perpetrators often go on to graduate. • Survivors of sexual assault frequently leave the college/university. Center for Public Integrity – 2010

20. Why Sex Crimes Are Underreported on Campuses 20 • Embarrassment and shame. • Fear of being judged. • Not sure how to report on or off campus. • Students may seek medical treatment but will not report to Law Enforcement. • Survivor may not label or identify their experience(s) as sexual violence.

21. Issue for Examination 21 No one plans to be victimized Discuss

22. Tools to First Responders for Assisting Survivors 22 How first responders react will affect victims receptivity to… • Medical treatment • Willingness to provide information for offender apprehension/prosecution.

23. Dispel Misconceptions about Sexual Assault 23 There is no predetermined way that a person who has been victimized is supposedto respond.

24. Training Provides a Lens into Survivor’s Experience 24 • Survivors of sexual assault will be asked to recount the assault to at least 10 or more strangers should the Survivor choose to receive help. • Each disclosure forces the survivor to relive the incident.

25. Training Provides Responders to Support the Survivor 25 • Sensitivity – to respond in a manner which fits the situation. • To respond to the survivor/witnesses in a manner which will support responders’ ability to get facts and apprehend offenders. • Put the survivor in control. • Remember, during any form of crime, something has been taken away.

26. Prepares Responders to Effectively Support Survivors 26 • Immediate reactions of Survivors after an assault. • Shock • Shame • Anger • Confusion

27. Reactions 27 • Flight • Fight • Freeze • There’s no right or best way to react.

28. Prepare to Support All Survivors 28 • Does the Survivor self identify as male, female or another gender? • Does the Survivor self-identify as a member of the LGBTQ community? • Does the Survivor observe specific cultural and/or religious practices? • Does the Survivor have physical or cognitive disabilities?

29. Address Survivor Concerns 29 • Who is the offender? • Were there multiple offenders? • Where is the location of the assault? • Were drugs/alcohol used to facilitate the assault? • GSB

30. Survivor Concerns 30 • Were there witnesses or others who can confirm that the Survivor had some form of contact with the Offender? • How was the Survivor assaulted? • Vaginal • Oral • Anal

31. Training Should Cover Survivor’s Response to Sex Crimes 31 • Physical Reactions • Increased arousal or being “jumpy” • Panic attacks • Changes in appetite • Difficulty sleeping • Feelings of… • Fear • Anxiety • Guilt • Feeling Dirty • Sadness • Self-blame • Anger • Thoughts of… • Re-experiencing the trauma or flashbacks • Negative views of self • Negative views of the world • Hurting yourself or suicide

32. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 32 Re-experiencing • Distressing recollections of the trauma • Distressing dreams about the event • Reliving the experience (flashbacks) • When flashbacks are triggered, survivor may experience range of emotions • Has physical/sensory reactions to reminders of the trauma

33. PTSD (cont’d.) 33 Avoidance • Efforts to avoid trauma related thoughts or feelings • Efforts to avoid trauma related activities or situations • Not remembering important aspects of the assault • Less interest in enjoyable activities • Detachment from others • Feeling numb

34. How to Support Survivors 34 • Do not make assumptions. • Showing emotions versus not showing emotion does not mean that an assault did not occur.

35. How to Support Survivors 35 • Make eye contact. • Be mindful of approach, tone of voice, facial expression, body language. • Be mindful of surrounding environment, i.e. assault location may be the survivor’s room. • If the survivor doesn’t want to speak with officer, the officer should convey her/his concerns through campus advocates.

36. Supporting Survivors 36 • Document detailing impartial sensitive treatment. • Show care. Keep in mind the survivor’s feelings. • Follow-up • With survivor • With the advocate

37. How to Support Survivors 37 Encourage: • Medical Treatment • Counseling • Reporting

38. Taking Care of Responders 38 What is the composition of the campus’ Safety/Law Enforcement Team? • New recruits • Veterans from other jurisdictions • Individuals with vast or limited sexual violence exposure

39. Vicarious Trauma/Secondary Trauma 39 • The effects of vicarious trauma on an individual resemble those of traumatic experiences. • Vicarious trauma includes significant disruptions in one’s tolerance, psychological needs, beliefs about self and others and interpersonal relationships. • Vicarious traumatization results from empathetic engagement with traumatic experiences. FBI Bulletin – July 2011

40. Vicarious Trauma 40 Negative situations affect individuals differently. Consideration should be given to include discussion regarding how First Responders/Law Enforcement are affected by incidents. Discuss opportunities/resources for First Responders/Law Enforcement to deal with frustration/stress. • debriefing

41. Sources of Frustration 41 Issues that promote frustration for officers • Relationships between campus teams • Student perception of authority • Limitations of duties

42. Use Training to Promote Prevention Strategies 42 Developing proactive stance to safety • Police sponsored public service messages • Promotional safety events • Town meetings • Brown bag workshops

43. Final Thoughts 43 • Trainings should include follow-up activities. • Training scenarios to support effective response.

44. Resources 44 “Shifting the Paradigm: Primary Prevention of Sexual Violence” American College Health Association www.acha.org/SexualViolence The Center for Public Integrity, 2/10/2010 Report http://www.publicintegrity.org/investigations/campus_assault/toolkit/ Vicarious Traumatization and Spirituality in Law Enforcement by Lynn A. Tovar, Ed.D. http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/law-enforcement-bulletin/july-2011/vicarious-traumatization

45. Announcements 45 Webinar materials on CALCASA.org/campus Campus Webinar – September 27th @ 11.00 a.m. PST Judicial Affairs/Disciplinary Board topic Progress Report due July 30th (GAN)

46. Acknowledgements 46 9 7 Teresa White-Walston Webinar participants U.S. Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women California Coalition Against Sexual Assault East Central Oklahoma University Kentucky Domestic Violence Association Mississippi Coalition Against Sexual Assault