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Funerary Relief with portraits of the Gessii Roman c.30 BCE Roman

Funerary Relief with portraits of the Gessii Roman c.30 BCE Roman. 10-7 Head of a Roman Patrician c.75-50 BCE Marble Roman (Republic). Augustus Primaporta Early 1 st century marble copy of a bronze original from 20 BCE Roman

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Funerary Relief with portraits of the Gessii Roman c.30 BCE Roman

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  1. Funerary Relief with portraits of the Gessii • Roman • c.30 BCE • Roman

  2. 10-7 Head of a Roman Patrician c.75-50 BCE Marble Roman (Republic)

  3. Augustus Primaporta Early 1st century marble copy of a bronze original from 20 BCE Roman “Official” image; many never saw the man himself (propaganda) His father Caesar was made a god so Augustus was the son of a god Cupid proclaims his divinity Cuirass shows a diplomatic victory Shown as a general Based on Doryphoros Arm extended like Orator

  4. Built by the Roman Emperor Vespasian of the Flavian Family • Constructed over an artificial lake in front of Nero’s palace • (symbolic of Vespasian reclaiming the land for the public) Could not have been made without concrete • Engaged Etruscan, Ionic, and Corinithian columns visually break up the wall space • Marble seats removed during fall of Rome • Opening was marked with 100 days of game • Holds over 50,000 Spectators (over two times the Spectrum) Colosseum (AKA Flavian Amphitheater) Rome c.70-80 CE

  5. Column of Trajan • c.112 • Rome • Invention of the colossal freestanding column, used to commemorate a victory with a continuous narrative frieze • commemorates emperor Trajan’s military victories • Once topped by a heroically nude statue of Trajan. Replaced by St. Peter in the 16th c. • Trajan and his wife’s ashes are in square base

  6. The Pantheon c.118-124 Rome • Erected by Hadrian • Temple of all the Gods • 8 column façade is a nod to Greek tradition, • but the rest of the building is revolutionary • Used concrete to its full potential (allowed for the large, uninterrupted space) • Cylinder covered by a hemispherical dome (2 circles, symbolic of the earth and the vault of the heavens) • Oculus (hole at top of dome) • Symbolic: the sun moving across the heavens • Literal: singular light source • Dome gets lighter at the top • Coffers (sunken panels) lighten the load and used to include gilded stars to symbolize stars in the sky • Wall thickens toward the top • Concrete density lessens toward top

  7. Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius c.175 BCE Gilded Bronze Roman Superhuman Grandeur (big, God-like) Body too big for horse Right arm stretched in greeting/peace Thought to have had an enemy below the horse’s right leg at one point Inspired renaissance artists to show their patrons on horseback Was preserved during the middle ages because people thought it was Constantine (most bronze statues were melted down b/c they were “impious)

  8. Portrait of the four tetrarchs c.305 Porphyry Roman Tetrarch era: Tetrarchy means “ruled by 4) Era begun by emperor Diocletian in Ruled for 12 yrs in peace Porphyry: purple marble 4 equal partners, 4 equal powers Idealism, naturalism, individuality, personality are now IN THE PAST Replaced once again by iconic/symbolic images

  9. Arch of Constantine c.312-315 Marble Roman • Much of the sculpture taken from monuments erected by Trajan, Hadrian, and Marcus Aurelius • Sculptors cut off heads of earlier emperors and put Constantine on them • Added labels to old reliefs (bringer of peace, liberator of the city) • Columns also taken from other monuments • Original sculptures are less sophisticated and show the decline in artistic skill and creativity at this time

  10. Portrait of Constantine c.315-330 Marble Roman 8’6” • Official portrait broke with the tradition of the Tetrarchs and returned to that of Augustus (eternally youthful ruler) • Head is part of a seated colossal statue (wooden torso covered in bronze, head and limbs of marble) • Modeled after Jupiter • Held an orb (symbol of global power) • Eyes gaze into another world (god-like/spiritual)

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