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Hemispheric Specialisation

Hemispheric Specialisation. Left side V’s Right side. Left – work Right –play. Hemispheric Specialisation. Left – Verbal Analytical (movement and sensation right side of body ). Right – Non Verbal, Visio Spatial, Music, (movement and sensation left side of body). The spinal cord.

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Hemispheric Specialisation

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  1. Hemispheric Specialisation Left side V’s Right side

  2. Left – work Right –play

  3. Hemispheric Specialisation • Left – Verbal Analytical (movement and sensation right side of body) • Right – Non Verbal, Visio Spatial, Music, (movement and sensation left side of body)

  4. The spinal cord Neural information super Freeway

  5. The Spinal cord – linking the CNS to the PNS • Spinal cord is the super highway for all information / messages coming to (afferent - sensory) and leaving (efferent - motor) the brain. • There are separate pathways for information / messages coming to and leaving the brain – these are called tracts (ascending and descending)

  6. Neurons –building blocks of the Nervous System • A neuron is a cell that sends and receives information in the form of neural impulses • Sensory (feeling) neurons – afferent • Motor (Moving) neurons – efferent • Interneurons – connecting (enable the spinal reflex, sensory communicate with motor)

  7. A Motor Neuron Terminal Button Axon terminals synapse Myelin sheath Axon

  8. 100 billion neurons 10,000 connections for each neuron

  9. The Mexican wave!

  10. The Reticular Activating System Wake up…. Go to sleep….wake up…..go to sleep Look over there!

  11. The Reticular Activating System

  12. The Reticular Activating System • The RAS is a network of neurons extending in many directions from the reticular formation in the brainstem to the different parts of the brain and spinal cord • 3 main functions • 1/ Alertness: Sleeping or wakefulness • 2/ Arousal: Increased or decreased. • 3/Selective attention: Regulates what we attend to.

  13. The Reticular Activating System • HOW DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE FUNCTIONS OF THE RAS? • Damage to the RAS leads to permanent coma • Brain scanning shows activation in RAS when shifting attention between stimuli • anaesthetics operate by dampening RAS neural activity

  14. The Thalamus What should I pay attention to? What will enter my conscious awareness?

  15. The Thalamus

  16. The Thalamus • A small structure on top of the brain stem that filters incoming sensory information (except smell) to relevant cortical areas. • Main Functions • All sensory information (except smell), touch, taste, hearing, vision passes through the thalamus for filtering before reaching the brain • Links with the RAS: Also involved in arousal, alertness and attention.

  17. The Thalamus • HOW DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE FUNCTIONS OF THE RAS? • Damage to thalamus can cause sensory problems for example blindnessor deafness. • Abnormalities in the thalamus are linked to disorders such as Schizophrenia (misinterpreting or not noticing some stimuli) • Research also shows the thalamus blocks info to the brain while sleeping

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