The Columbian Exchange

1. The Columbian Exchange Two Worlds Meet

2. The Exchange of Goods Sharing Discoveries • Plants, animals developed in very different ways in hemispheres • Europeans—no potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes, turkeys • People in Americas—no coffee, oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, cattle • Arrival of Europeans in Americas changed all this • Previously unknown foods taken back to Europe • Familiar foods brought to Americas by colonists The Columbian Exchange • Voyages launched large-scale contact between Europe, Africa and The Americas. • Interaction with Native Americans led to sweeping cultural changes. • Contact between the two groups led to the widespread exchange of plants, animals, peoples and disease—the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of beasts of burden to the Americas was a significant development from the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of the horse provided people in the Americas with a new source of labor and transportation.

3. New plants to the “Old World” • Potato • Corn • Tomato • Sweet Potato • Cacao (Cocoa) • Pineapples • Pumpkins • Tobacco **The Europeans loved the Tobacco Notice Italy did NOT have tomatoes until the Columbian Exchange.

5. “Old World” Diseases • Smallpox • Measles • Diphteria • Chicken Pox • Bubonic Plague • Influenza • Cholera • Malaria Small pox-trunk of victim *Infecting many Native Americans Bubonic Plague Victim

6. What the “New World” brought to Europe • Syphilis • Hepatitis • Polio • Tuberculosis Polio-deformed legs Lung of victim: Tuberculosis

7. Intense Competition New Economic Policy • Wealth measured by amount of gold, silver possessed by nation • Mercantilists believed there was fixed amount of wealth in world • For one nation to become wealthier, more powerful—had to take wealth, power away from another nation • Mercantilism led to intense competition between nations • Founding of colonies, new goods in Europe led to significant changes • 1500s, Europeans developed new economic policy, mercantilism • Nation’s strength depended on its wealth • Wealthy nation had power for military and expanded influence Mercantilism

8. Controlling Sources • Nation that controlled own sources would not need to import from competing nations • Why important • Country did not need to spend own money to obtain raw materials • Foreign countries considered rivals, might become active enemy, cut off supply of raw materials • European nations worked to become more self-sufficient • Nations began to establish colonies

9. Cultural Diffusion • The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another. • Cultural diffusion occurs through migration, trade and welfare.

10. Immediate Causes: Long Term Causes: Columbian Exchange Immediate Effects: Long Term Effects:

11. Find the Main Idea What were two lasting effects of the Columbian Exchange? Answer(s): possible answers—changes in cuisine, changes in crops grown around the world, epidemics

12. Immediate Causes: • Europeans arrive in the Americas • Europeans bring new plants, animals and diseases to the Americas • Long Term Causes: • God • Gold • Glory Columbian Exchange • Immediate Effects: • Spanish conquer Aztecs and Incas • Native Americans die of European diseases • Enslaved Africans are brought to the Americas • American foods are introduced to other parts of the world • Long Term Effects: • Spread of products all around the world • Population growth in Europe, Asia, and Africa • Cultural diffusion • Migration from Europe to the Americas • Growth of Capitalism

13. According to the diagram, the diet of western Europeans changed because of—(a )new technologies in food packaging (b) the development of new breeds of livestock (c) the use of the first food preservatives(d) the introduction of new foods from the Americas

14. Immigration

15. Colonies Strict Laws • European powers wanted to establish colonies • To control sources of raw materials • To provide new markets for manufactured goods • To mercantilist, colonies existed only to benefit home country • Monarchs restricted economic activities in colonies • Colonists could not sell raw materials to other countries • Could not buy manufactured goods from other nations • Strict laws forbade colonies from manufacturing goods • Forced to buy only from home country Colonies Building colonial empires essential to mercantilist system

16. Rural Life Many Changes • Impact of colonization not felt throughout society • Rural life continued as it had for centuries • Generations would pass before many began to grow new foods from Americas • Most people remained poor • Changes taking place because of colonization • Had impact on European societies • Towns cities grew as business activity increased • New class of wealthier merchants emerged, began to wield more power in their towns Impact on Society

17. Colonies gain Independence • What date was the Declaration of Independence Signed? July4th1776

18. America Thrives as an Independent Country • Proving many countries wrong- The United States of America becomes stronger and stronger • With the United states expanding westward and Russia expanding Eastward boundaries got tight

19. Passed by congress through President Monroe. Stated that European countries had no business in Western Hemisphere affairs. NO COLONIZATION NO INTERVENTION TRADE PARTNERS ONLY Monroe Doctrine

20. Based on the cartoon, which of the following best explains the impact of the Monroe Doctrine? (A) The United States would not allow foreign nations to form alliances. (B) The United States would not allow further European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. (c) The United States would serve as a negotiator between European nations. (D) The United States would protect the economic interests of Europe.