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Aqueous Solutions

Aqueous Solutions. Chapter 4. Properties of Solutions. Solutions are homogenous mixtures. Solvent is the substance present in the greatest quantity. Solute- other substances dissolved in the solvent Solvation is process of ionic compounds dissolving and not reforming. Electrolytes.

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Aqueous Solutions

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  1. Aqueous Solutions Chapter 4

  2. Properties of Solutions • Solutions are homogenous mixtures. • Solvent is the substance present in the greatest quantity. • Solute- other substances dissolved in the solvent • Solvation is process of ionic compounds dissolving and not reforming.

  3. Electrolytes • Electrolyte- solutions contains ions- Any ionic compound(metal-nonmetal) is an electrolyte • Acids are also strong electrolytes • Weak Electrolytes-weak acids and bases • Non-electrolyte- solution contains molecules- Any covalent compound(nonmetals) is not.

  4. Reactions (Double Replacement) • 1. Precipitation -An insoluble solid forms in a reaction. • Memorize solubility rules 2. Metathesis or Exchange Reactions from Greek word, “to transpose”

  5. Acid-Base Reaction • Acids begin with (H) and produce(H+) to form H2O and a salt. • Bases produce an (OH-) • Strong Acids • HCl • HBr • HI • HClO3 • HNO3 • H2SO4 Strong Bases Group1A metal Hydroxides Heavy Group 2A metal Hydroxids

  6. Neutralization • Strong acid and strong bases create water and a salt.

  7. Oxidation/Reduction(Redox) • Electrons are transferred between the reactants • Rusting • Corrosion • Oxidation is a loss of electrons • OIL Oxidizing Is Losing • Reduction is a gain of electrons • RIG Reduction Is Gaining

  8. Solution Stoichiometry • Molarity(M)=moles/Liter • Dilution M1V1= M2V2 • Has to the same chemical diluted to use this.

  9. standard solution unknown solution B. Titration • Titration • Analytical method in which a standard solution is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.

  10. B. Titration • Equivalence point (endpoint) • Point at which equal amounts of H3O+ and OH- have been added. • Determined by… • indicator color change • dramatic change in pH

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