Challenge 2

1. Challenge 2 Build the capacity of systems to support biodiversity and ecosystem services under global change

2. Rewording the challenge • Build the capacity of social-ecologicalsystems to support biodiversity and ecosystem services under global change • Challenge 2 should become Challenge 3 and vice versa • A clearer mapping between this challenge and the ICSU grand challenges is needed in the rationale • Need for risk inclusion in challenge 1

3. Priority 2.1 Building the knowledge base for practices and policies that enhance the ability of social-ecological systems to maintain their ecosystem services across spatial (and temporal) scales • What are the trade offs and synergies among ecosystem services and between services and human wellbeing? • What are the cross scale interactions of biodiversity and ecosystem services – how do macroscale conditions affect local scale conditions and vice versa? • What are the feedbacks of ecosystem services and biodiversity on the climate and earth system and how will these change with time? • How can we use / develop the knowledge base to better inform practice and policy? • What are the relationships and implications of ecosystem services, biodiversity and equity?

4. Priority 2.2 • Maintaining & enhancing the capacity of societies to cope with and shape the evolving dynamics of social-ecological systems • Understanding the interactions and linkages across governance systems across political scales • Understanding individual vs. collective behaviour towards adaptation and coping to biodiversity and ecosystem service change • Understanding the links between biodiversity change and the responses to these changes using equity and distributional justice

5. Priority 2.3 • Understanding the capacity of SES to (a) sustain human wellbeing across generations and (b) to shape future pathways to transformation • Building scenarios of BD and ES under different • Climate, land use, consumption patterns, governance structures • To feed into a visioning process

6. Users / partners / funders Users IPBES IPCC CBD (and other conventions) Regional users e.g. EU, AU National users – e.g. adaptation plans & NBSAPs (capacity building components partnership between DIVERSITAS & CBD) Partners IGBP IHDP WCRP GEF (and potential funder) UNESCO (and funder)

7. New priorities • Identifying/maintaining/enhancing management practices that enhance the ability of social-ecological systems to maintain their integrity / resilience under global change • Incorporating trade offs & synergies • Building the evidence base • Across scale spatial dynamics • Includes the response of the ecosystem to global change and its own capacity to cope • Feedbacks to the climate system • ? Spatial distribution of benefits / winners and losers • Identifying/maintaining/enhancing the capacity of societies to cope with and shape the evolving dynamics of social-ecological systems • Governance structures specific to biodiversity & ecosystem services • Institutional structures • ABS/equity/justice • Understanding how the capacity of social-ecological systems to cope/ shape/maintain integrity is going to change with time • Scenarios • Drivers • Intergenerational equity

8. Stakeholders & partners • GEF