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NG VT L M THUC

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NG VT L M THUC

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    2. ONG M?T Phong m?t, bch hoa tinh Tn khoa h?c: Apis mellifica L.. H? Ong (Apidae)

    5. 2. S? phn b? ong m?t ? Vi?t Nam. S?ng hoang ? cc vng r?ng ni Vi?t Nam ? cc mi?n Trung, Nam, B?c (trong cc h?c cy, h?c d v th?m tr ? cc h?c du?i m?t d?t). Nhn dn ta nui ong trong cc khc g? trn, r?ng, b?t kn hai d?u, ? gi?a khc g? c c?a ra vo cho ong. M?i nam thu ho?ch m?t ong m?t vi l?n b?ng phuong php th? cng. Ngy nay ngu?i ta nui theo phuong php c?i ti?n Thu ho?ch m?t b?ng phuong php quay ly tm. Ma hoa c th? 2 ngy d?n 1 tu?n quay m?t m?t l?n, do v?y nang su?t m?t r?t cao.

    6. 3. B? ph?n dng. Ong m?t cho ta cc s?n ph?m qu nhu: M?t ong, s?a ong cha, ph?n hoa, keo ong, sp ong v n?c ong: 3.1. M?t ong (Mel): L m?t ch?t l?ng, snh nhu siro, V? ng?t, mi thom d?c bi?t. M?t t?t c v? cay kh c?. M?t ong l h?n h?p c?a m?t hoa, ph?n hoa v m?t lu?ng nh? sp ong Thnh ph?n ho h?c: C thnh ph?n ho h?c r?t ph?c t?p, ty thu?c vo ngu?n hoa khc nhau, M?t ong c kho?ng 100 ch?t khc nhau c gi tr? t?t d?i v?i co th? con ngu?i: Hm lu?ng nu?c t? 18 -20% # m?t hoa: (40-80%)

    7. Ch? y?u l du?ng glucose v levulose chi?m 60-70%, saccarose 2 - 3% v m?t s? du?ng mantose, oligosacarid. R?t giu vitamin nh?t l vitamin B1, B2, B3, Bc, C, H, K, A, E v acid folic. Cc lo?i men: Diastase, catalase, lipase. Cc a. h?u co: Acid formic, tartric, citric, malic, oxalic khong v cc nguyn t? vi lu?ng: Na, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, Cl, P, S, I, V, Bo, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Li, Sn, Ti Cc hormon. Cc fitonxit. Cc ch?t thom v nhi?u ch?t khc.

    8. 3.2. S?a ong cha. L ch?t d?c mu hoi ng M?t s?n ph?m qu du?c ti?t ra t? cc tuy?n s?a du?i hm c?a cc ong th? t? 7 ngy tu?i. Thnh ph?n r?t ph?c t?p, ph? thu?c vo dn ong, ngu?n hoa v.v nhung thnh ph?n c?a s?a ong cha g?m: 66,50% nu?c, 34,90% ch?t kh: (12,30% protein, 6,50% m?, 12,50% du?ng, 0,80% tro v 2,80% cc ch?t chua r). Cc vitamin (tnh ra microgam/1g) vitamin B1: 1,5 6,6; B2: 2,40 50,0; niacin 59,0 149,0; acid folic 0,2; Bc, PP, H, C, D, E v cc ch?t khc. Ngoi ra cn ch?a cc hormon v nh?ng ch?t d?c bi?t khc c tc d?ng c?ng c? v lm tang s?c kh?e c?a con ngu?i.

    9. 3.3. Sp ong. Sap song l m?t s?n ph?m du?c ti?t ra t? cc tuy?n sp du?i b?ng c?a ong th?. 3.4. Ph?n hoa. L s?n ph?m do ong th? thu ho?ch t? ph?n cc hoa c?a cc loi cy khc nhau. Mu: khc nhau t? mu vng, di khi c c? mu d? ty thu?c vo ngu?n hoa. Thnh ph?n ho h?c: r?t ph?c t?p, tu? thu?c ngu?n hoa, c kho?ng 50 ch?t c tc d?ng sinh h?c t?t: u?ng kho?ng 18%, Protid, Lipid. Cc vitamin B1, B2, Bc, B5, B6, C, H, A, B, E v vitamin PP. C 26 nguyn t? khong v vi lu?ng: Ca, Mg, Cu, K, Fe, Cr, P, S, Cl, Ti, Mn, Ba, Ag,V, Co, Zn, A, Sn, Pd, Mo, Cr, Ka, Sr, W, Ir.

    10. 3.5. N?c ong. L s?n ph?m du?c ti?t ra t? n?c d?c ? ph?n dui c?a ong. Ch?t l?ng, snh, trong su?t, khng mu, c mi thom d?c bi?t v? b?ng, d?ng, c ph?n ?ng acid. T? tr?ng 1,1313. Thnh ph?n ho h?c: a. ortophosphoric, a. hydroclorid, magnesi phosphat (0,4%), acetycholin, histamin (1%), men (20% hialuronidase, 14% phospholipase A), Cu, Ca, S, P, d?u bay hoi, 50% melitin g?m 26 acid amin,

    11. 3.6. Keo ong. L s?n ph?m do m?t s? ong th? thu ho?ch t? cc loi cy c? v v? ph?n hoa ch? bi?n d? g?n kn cc cc khe h? c?a t?, cc c?u ong v b?c kn cc cn trng, rn , b? ch?t ? trong t?, lm tron l? t? ch?a m?t, ph?n hoa v ?u trng. Thnh ph?n ho h?c c?a keo ong: ch?a 55% nh?a v ch?t thom, 30% sp ong, 10% tinh d?u thom, 5% ph?n hoa, m?t s? ch?t khc nhu: Protid, cc vitamin, cc nguyn t? ho h?c Fe, Mn, K, Al, Si, V, Sr.

    12. 4. Tc d?ng sinh l. M?t ong lm v?t thuong mau ln da non Nhn dn ta dng m?t ong t?t ch?a cc v?t b?ng lm cho v?t b?ng mau lnh v chng ln da non. M?t ong lm gi?m d? acid c?a d?ch v?, lm cho d? acid tr? l?i bnh thu?ng, M?t ong c tc d?ng ch?ng vim gic m?c: Ngoi ra m?t ong cn c tc d?ng khng n?m, khng khu?n. M?t ong b?o qu?n lu khng b? m?c. N c tc d?ng ch?ng th?i r?a, ch?ng vi khu?n du?ng ru?t: Vi khu?n ?a ch?y, ch?a thuong hn, ph thuong hn, lm lnh cc v?t thuong, l? r nhi?m khu?n.

    13. 5. Cng d?ng v li?u dng. 5.1. M?t ong: Con ong l du?c s? c cnh. Chng cho ta m?t l thu?c b? cho ngu?i l?n v tr? em. Dng m?t ong nhi?u da d? h?ng ho, ko di tu?i th?. T?t cho b?nh nhn lao M?t ong lm gi?m d? acid c?a d? dy, ch?a b?nh du?ng ru?t, cc tri?u ch?ng dau, kh ch?u c?a d? dy ru?t. Glucose trong m?t ong l ch?t dinh du?ng t?t cho t? bo m v tang glycogen trong gan. M?t ong dng d? ch?a vim h?ng, ch?a cc v?t thuong, v?t lot v c tc d?ng v?i b?nh th?n kinh, tm th?n. M?t ong dng lm t du?c thu?c vin. Li?u dng t? 20 100 g hay hon n?a.

    14. 5.2. S?a ong cha. L m?t s?n ph?m d?c bi?t: dng cho ngu?i gi y?u, suy nhu?c ton thn, thi?u mu, b?nh nhn lao, m?t s? b?nh th?n kinh, huy?t p th?p, so v?a d?ng m?ch, t?n thuong d?ng m?ch, ph? n? sau khi d? b? bang huy?t nh?t l t s?a v dng cho tr? em suy dinh du?ng, km thng minh, ch?m l?n. D?ng dng: vin s?a ong cha ch?a 0,01g v 0,03g. Bi?t du?c: Apilac vin 0,01g. Cn c d?ng b?t v d?ng tim.. Ngoi ra cn dng du?i d?ng kem bi m?t ch?ng b?nh ch?ng c, ti?t nhi?u b nh?n. Hm lu?ng s?a ong cha trong kem l 0,6%. Ch?ng ch? d?nh: Khng dng cho ngu?i b? b?nh Addison, ngu?i b? d? ?ng thu?c, ph? n? dang hnh kinh.

    15. 5.3. Ph?n hoa. u?c dng lm thu?c b? Ch?a b?nh vim d?i trng m?n tnh, Dng cho tr? em thi?u mu, khi dng ph?n hoa th h?ng c?u v hemoglobin tang nhanh. Ngu?i ta cn dng cho b?nh nhn cao huy?t p, b?nh th?n kinh v h? n?i ti?t, dng khi b? b?nh ? tuy?n ti?n li?t v cc b?nh u tuy?n, c tc d?ng ch?ng lo ho. Hi?n nay c s?n xu?t c?m ph?n hoa. Ch?ng ch? d?nh: Khng dng cho ngu?i b? d? ?ng v?i ph?n hoa.

    16. 5.4. N?c ong. Dng khi m?c cc b?nh xuong th?p kh?p, vim dy th?n kinh, dau dy th?n kinh, Cc b?nh eczema ngoi da, B?nh cao huy?t p v m?t. 5.5. sp ong. Sp ong dng lm thu?c ch?ng nhi?m khu?n trong thu?c cao Dng lm t du?c v du?c dng trong nhi?u k? ngh? khc. 5.6. Keo ong. Keo ong c tc d?ng ch?ng th?i, Gy t t?i ch? m?nh hon cocain, novocain, Ch?a cc v?t thuong chai, cc b?nh v? da, su rang v m? chn rang.

    17. R?N Th? gi?i c kho?ng 410/3000. Vi?t Nam c 41/195 H? mang cha Ophiophagus hannah Can-for

    18. 2.H? r?n nu?c (Colubridae) C kho?ng 116 loi R?n ro (Zamenis mucosus) khng d?c

    19. 1. B? ph?n dng: Th?t r?n, m?t r?n, n?c r?n v xc r?n. 2. Thnh ph?n ho h?c: Th?t r?n c?n ch?a cc acid amin: Cystin, Cystein, lysin, leucin, isoleucin, serin, hystidin, conitin, prolin, valin, tyrosin, treolin, acid glutamic, acid aminobutyric. Th?t r?n bi?n v? co b?n gi?ng th?t r?n c?n, thm m?t s? acid amin sau: Arginin, glycin, ornitin, hydroxyprolin. M?t r?n to b?ng h?t ng, m?t r?n h? mang c mu xanh th?m, m?t r?n c?p nong c mu xanh nu, m?t r?n ro c mu xanh l cy. M?t l ch?t l?ng snh. M?t r?n c v? hoi ng?t, thom g?n nhu cam th?o, ch?a nhi?u acid m?t: Acid cholic, a. ursodesoxycholic, a. hyodeoxycholic, a. -fokecholic. Ngoi ra m?t r?n cn ch?a cholesterol, a. panmitic, a.stearic, taurin. Xc r?n ch?a cc mu?i k?m (k?m oxyd, titan oxyd).

    20. 3. Tc d?ng du?c l v cng d?ng: Th?t r?n: l v? thu?c b? dng trong cc b?nh th?n kinh dau nh?c, t li?t, bn thn b?t to?i, con co gi?t, ch?a nh?t d?c. D?ng dng: Ru?u r?n Tam x: 1 h? mang, 1 c?p nong v 1 r?n ro. Ngu x: 1 h? mang, 1 c?p nong, 1 c?p nia v 2 r?n ro. Ph?i h?p v?i 1 s? bi thu?c ch?a xuong kh?p hay v?i bi thu?c b? (th?p ton d?i b?). Cn dng du?i d?ng vin (vin r?n). N?c r?n: r?t d?c, c b?n ch?t l peptit ho?c protein. N?c r?n l m?t thu?c ch?ng vim r?t m?nh, dng d? ch?a t th?p, dau nh?c, lm thu?c gi?m dau cho ngu?i b? ung thu, h?n ch? s? pht tri?n c?a kh?i u. N?c r?n dng du?i d?ng thu?c tim, thu?c m?.

    21. Ngoi ra n?c r?n cn dng d? ch? huy?t thanh ch?a cho nh?ng ngu?i b? r?n c?n. M?t r?n: h? mang, c?p nong, c?p nia, r?n ro d?u c tc d?ng tr? vim th?c nghi?m t?t. Do v?y ngu?i ta dng d? ch?a th?p kh?p, dau nh?c xuong, dau lung, s?t kinh gi?n ? tr? em,ho, hen suy?n. M?t r?n cn dng lm thu?c st khu?n t?i ch? bi ln nh?t d?c l?, lot. M?t r?n cn dng du?i d?ng siro, ru?u thu?c, ru?u m?t r?n (g?m ba m?t: r?n ro, c?p nong, h? mang ch? v?i 25ml ru?u) tr? sung kh?p, lm tang th? l?c r r?t Xc ran (x thoi, long ly) l xc con r?n b? di khi n l?t. ch?a b?nh kinh gi?t c?a tr? em. ch?a dau c? h?ng, bi ngoi lm thu?c st khu?n, tr? gh? l?. Ngy dng 6-12g du?i d?ng thu?c s?c hay d?t chy r?i dng.

    22. L?c nhung (cornu cervi parvum ): L?c nhung do huou, nai d?c cung c?p, cn huou ci khng cho ra l?c nhung. G?c: S?ng huou, nai gi l g?c dng d? n?u cao ban long. Huou v nai s?ng d?c, c c?u t?o nhu xuong, ngu?n g?c t? bi?u b, thay th? hng nam. HUOU V NAI

    23.

    24. Sau 44 50 ngy, TS di 20 25 cm phnh to, phn nhnh l?n 2 ? nhung. Sau 52 53n phn nhnh l?n th? 2 g?i l nhung yn ng?a Sau 4 4,5 thng huou d?c c c?p s?ng m?i hon chnh v r?n ch?c g?i l g?c. Tu?i th? c?a huou sao kho?ng 15 18 nam. Ma thu hi nhung t? thng 2 3.

    25. B? ph?n dng. Nhung huou, nai (l?c nhung) Nhung l s?ng non c?a huou hay nai d lm kh, m?t ngoi ph? d?y lng to. ch?t m?m c th? thi du?c, mi hoi tanh, v? hoi m?nh. Nhung huou sao c du?ng knh m?t c?t kho?ng t? 2 5 cm, da nu vng d?n vng h?ng, lng to mu tro sng d?n tro s?m. Tr?ng lu?ng t? 80 200g, c th? c 1 2 nhnh. Lo?i 1: nhnh di t? 14 30 cm, hnh tri ni hay yn ng?a. Lo?i 2: nhnh di t? 20 40 cm.

    26. 4. Phuong php ch? bi?n. - Dng dy bu?c d?u nhung hay dng kim ch? khu du mp da nhung ch? m?t c?t. - C th? t?m ru?u r?i s?y, c th? nhng vo nu?c nng (800C) vi l?n (m?t c?t quay ln trn nhnh ch?y mu ra). - S?y: c nhi?u phuong php s?y: Dng l than h?ng, ngoi quy ct, d? nhung trn l than cao 40 cm, s?y b?ng ct rang, b?ng g?o rang, s?y b?ng t? s?y di?n; dua nhi?t d? t? 400C ln d?n d?n 70 800C (m?t c?t v?n d? ln trn). S?y d?n khi kh ki?t, khng n?t n? l du?c.

    27. 5. Thnh ph?n ho h?c. Nhung huou, nai ch?a calciphosphat, calcicarbonat, protid, keo, cc acid amin: Lysin, histadin, arginin, asparagic, treonin, cerin, glutamic, prolin, glysin, analin, valin, leusin, isoleusin, tyrosin, phenylalanin. Cc ch?t khong v vi lu?ng: Ca, Mg, A, Si, P, Na, K, Fe, Ni, Ti, Mn, Au, Pb, Ba, Co, Va, Mo, B, Sr; cc h?p ch?t phospholipid; lisolextin, sphingomyelin, lexilin, cholaminxephadin, cacdiolipin, xerobrizid; cc n?i ti?t t?: oestron, progesteron, testosteron, cortison v.v * G?c huou ch?a 0,587% phosoholipid, cephalin, cholesterol, Ca, P v cc acidamin glysin, prolin, glutamic.

    28. 6. Cng d?ng, li?u dng. Nhung huou, nai l thu?c b? du?ng dng cho ngu?i gi, y?u, suy nhu?c , co th? m?t m?i, cc ch?ng r?i lo?n th?n kinh ch?c nang, h? huy?t p, ph? n? sau khi sinh t s?a. Ch?ng ch? d?nh: Khng dng cho ngu?i xo v?a d?ng m?ch, ngu?i b? b?nh tim, dau th?t ng?c khi b? nh?i mu, vim th?n n?ng, ?a ch?y. L?c gic xuong: B g?c sau khi n?u cao l?ng l thu?c b? xuong, tr? ho, m?n nh?t, ti?u ti?n ra mu, di tinh. G?c l nguyn li?u d? n?u cao ban long dng lm thu?c b?, ch?a cc ch?ng b?nh hu, kh huy?t xuy y?u, c thai ra huy?t, dng 6 12g/ngy. * L?c gic: Dng cho ngu?i m?t m?i, suy nhu?c th?n kinh. Tc d?ng luu thng tu?n hon, ch?a th?p kh?p, nh?t d?c. L?y g?c dem nu?ng trong ct d?n gin, mu vng r?i tn thnh b?t, ngy u?ng 4 16g.

    29. KH? Macaca

    30. Thnh ph?n ho h?c . Cao kh?: 16,8% nito ton ph?n, 0,85% acid amin, 1,88% tro, 0,56% clo, 4 ph?n tri?u As, 0,02% Ca, 0,03% phosphat M?t kh?: acid cholic, a. chenodesoxycholic, a. desoxycholic, a. lithocholic Cng d?ng, li?u dng. Cao ton tnh + cao xuong: l thu?c b? ton thn, dng cho ngu?i an ng? km, thi?u mu, g?y y?u... Ngy 5 10g, ng?m hay ngm ru?u, thm m?t ong cho ng?t. S?i m?t: gi?i d?c, tiu thung, tiu d?m. Ngy u?ng 0,2 0,3g du?i d?ng thu?c b?t. Huy?t lnh l thu?c b? cho ph? n? sau khi d?, cho tr? em g?y y?u, ch?m l?n. 1 2g/ ngy. Ch? vaccin phng b?nh s?i, sabin phng b?i li?t.

    31. H? Panthera tigris L. h? Mo (Felidae) c?p, hm, beo, ng ba muoi B? ph?n dng. Con h? c gi tr? kinh t? cao: Th?t h? an ngon v b?. Da h? thu?c d? trang tr hay nh?i thnh h? m?u. Xuong h? (h? c?t Ostigris) dng d? lm thu?c.

    32. B? xuong h? g?m: Xuong d?u: Chi?m 15% kh?i lu?ng ?u hoi trn, trn ph?ng Rang hm c 3 d?nh nh ln ? tam son, 2 rang nanh hoi cong vo trong. Xuong s?ng: 14% KL: xuong c? 7 d?t + 10 d?t lung + 13 d?t dui. (xuong v?n, cc mp g? s?c, r?t n?ng). Xuong chn: 52% kh?i lu?ng. Xuong chn tru?c c du?ng v?n hoi xo?n, c l? h?ng ? d?u g?i (m?t phu?ng). Xuong bnh ch: 0,45% Xuong xu?n: 5,5%

    33. Thnh ph?n ho h?c. Xuong h? ch?a calci phosphat v protid. Trong cao h? nguyn ch?t: 14 17% nito ton ph?n, 0,6 0,7% acid amin 20 26% d? ?m, 2,6% d? tro, As 5 ph?n tri?u Cng d?ng, li?u dng. Xuong h?: l v? du?c li?u r?t quch?a b?nh dau xuong, t th?p, dau nh?c co th?; cn dng lm thu?c c?m gi, din cu?ng, thu?c b?. Ngu?i huy?t hu h?a th?nh khng dng du?c. Li?u dng: 10 30g xuong/ ngy du?i d?ng thu?c s?c, thu?c b?t hay ngm ru?u. 4 6g h? c?t cao hay hon. Thu?ng hay dng ph?i h?p v?i cc xuong khc hay du?c li?u khc.

    34. G?U G?u ng?a Selenarctos thibetanus H? G?u Ursidae ?c di?m v s? phn b?. Khoang tr?ng hnh ch? V ? ng?c. TL: 55 60kg. ? nu?c ta: min ni v trung du. ? lin x (cu) g?p ? vng Vi?n ng, Tri?u Tin, Nh?t B?n, Trung Qu?c, Lo, Thi lan, Mi?n di?n, ?n ?, Apganistan.

    35. B? ph?n dng. M?t g?u Fel ursi: L ti m?t d phoi hay s?y kh c?a nhi?u lo?i g?u. Ti hnh tr?ng d?t, c cu?ng di, r?ng 5- 8cm, dy 2- 4mm. M?t ngoi nh?n, mu nu tro hay tro den. Ch?a m?t ch?t den nhnh, g?m nh?ng h?t l?n nh?n, mu vng ng nh. V? hoi d?ng, sau hoi ng?t, dnh lu?i, ng?m lu s? tan h?t trong mi?ng. Xuong g?u:

    36. Thnh ph?n ho h?c. M?t g?u: ch?a cc mu?i kim lo?i c?a acid cholic, cholesterol, s?c t? m?t.

    37. Cng d?ng v li?u dng. Xuong g?u d lo?i b? th?t, gn, t?y, r?a s?ch ph?i h?p v?i xuong h? v cc xuong khc ho?c ring xuong g?u n?u thnh cao g?u, dng thnh t?ng bnh, m?i bnh 100g. Cao g?u c tc d?ng b?i b? kh huy?t, chn l?nh dau bu?t, gn xuong nh?c m?i, tr? em trng phong, chn tay co gi?t. M?t g?u ch?a dau d? dy, dau b?ng giun, ch?n thuong (? mu, sung b?m), co th? dau nh?c, gi?i d?c, hong d?n. Ch?a m?t sung d? c mng, kinh gi?n co gi?t, ?a ra mu, dau rang. M?i ngy u?ng 0,5 -2g ho v?i ru?u. Dng ngoi ch? v?i ru?u 5% tr? sung huy?t, xoa bp ch?a sung dau do ng.

    38. T?C K Gekko gekko L. H? T?c k Gekkonidae ?c di?m v phn b?. Gi?ng th?ch sng, nhung to v di hon, Thn: 15 17cm, dui di 15 17cm. ?u, lung v dui: c v?y nh? hnh h?t trn ho?c nhi?u c?nh, Mu s?c: xanh l m?, xanh ru den, c khi xanh nh?t hay d? nu nh?t. ? thay d?i nhi?u ui t?c k c th? coi l b? ph?n t?t nh?t c?a n. N?u dui b? d?t hay g?y c th? m?c l?i du?c.

    39. B? ph?n dng v ch? bi?n so b?. Dng c? con c dui, b? n?i t?ng, cang phoi ho?c s?y kh. Dng tuoi: ch?t b? d?u t? 2 m?t tr? ln, b? bn chn, l?t da, m? b?ng b? m?t. Dng n?u cho hay nu?ng vng d? ngm ru?u. - Dng kh: M? b?ng b? h?t ph? t?ng, lau s?ch b?ng gi?y b?n, t?m ru?u. L?y 3 que n?a nh?, d?t, m?t ci cang th?ng gi?a d?u v dui. Dng gi?y b?n cu?n dui d? kh?i g?y, dem phoi hay s?y ? 50 600C d?n th?t kh. Khi s?y th cho chc d?u su?ng d? d?u du?c kh k? v dui kh?i ch?y m?t m? bo. T?c k ph?i c d? dui, khng d?t, khng ch?p v v khng b? su b?t an th?ng.

    40. Thnh ph?n ho h?c. Thn t?c k ch?a d?u bo 13- 15%, cc acid amin: Acid glutamic, alanin, glysin, asparagic, arginin, lysin, cerin, leusin, isoleusin, phenylalanin, valin, prolin, histidin, treonin, cystein. ui ch?a 23 25% lipid Tc d?ng du?c l v cng d?ng. Kch thch s? pht tri?n c?a co th?, tang lu?ng h?ng c?u, tang huy?t s?c t?. Ch?a suy nhu?c co th?, ho hen, ho ra mu lu ngy khng kh?i, ho suy?n, Ch?a li?t duong, ngu?i gi dau lung, m?i g?i. Li?u dng 3 6g, thu?ng dng 1 di, ngm ru?u hay ch? thnh thu?c b?t, thu?c vin.

    41. CC NH Bufo melanostictus H? Cc Bufonidae

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