DO NOW- On top of pg .121

1. DO NOW- On top of pg.121 Match the inventor to his invention. • Steel making process • Discovery of bacteria • Steam engine • Light bulb • Cotton gin • James Watt • Thomas Edison • Henry Bessemer • Eli Whitney • Louis Pasteur

2. Industrial Revolution Miss Bonner

3. AGRARIAN REVOLUTION • Prior to 1700, traditional societies typically grew only enough food to feed themselves (subsistence farming). They used simple farming methods and created their own tools. • With the dawn of the Agricultural Revolution, around 1700, rapid changes in agricultural methods, new technology, and movement of people soon led to even bigger changes. • Enclosure Movement: • Forced small farms owners to become tenants on the land- many moved to the cities for work. • New Forming Methods: • Crop Rotation • JethroTull’s Seed Drill Population • Improved Fertilizers Boom!

4. Inventions and Technology • Important inventions led to the industrialization of the textile industry first. Other industries followed such as transportation. • James Hargreaves/Spinning Jenny: • Spinning wheel that allowed 1 spinner to work 8 threads at a time. • Eli Whitney/Cotton Gin: • Took seeds out of the cotton. • James Watt/Steam Engine • Made steam engine work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel. • Robert Fulton/Steam Boat • Improved the transportation of goods. • George Stephenson/Railroad: • Designed & built locomotives

5. Built to house heavy machinery that was no longer conducive to houses. • Manufacturing of goods was now in a central location. • Goods were produced faster, easier, cheaper– led to increased demand. • Because of Watt’s Steam Engine, factories could now be located anywhere (not just by water sources)

6. City building and movement of people to cities. • Caused by the growth of factories. • Most of Europe’s cities doubled, even quadrupled between 1800-1850.

7. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain • I. Why Britain? • B – Borders/Harbors – trade ports, navigable rivers, island (ports) • R – Resources (natural) – iron, coal, and water; also controlled many colonies for raw materials • I – Investments – had money to put into businesses (ex. established banking system) • T – Technology – ex. steam engine; Transportation – ex. RRs, steamboats • S – Surplus of people – translated to work force

8. Britain’s richest coal fields are in the central & northern regions of the country. • Coal was found to be the most efficient way to power the new steam engine. As a result, many new industries & factories moved to be near the sources of energy. Soon, coal-field engines powered the iron factories, textile factories and railroads of northern Britain. • Industrialization also required a large labor force. The enclosure movement, in which wealthy landowners bought out small farms & forced people out of their livelihood, provided a ready supply of workers. As a result, masses of people migrated to the industrial cities to find jobs.

9. Page 122

11. Honors: To Tell the Truth Review Game: • 3 students at a time will present one with card. Each will claim to be the Industrial or Cultural Revolution inventor or scientist and will read their assigned card EXACTLY as it is written. They should try to be as convincing as possible in their reading. • The rest of the class will need to decide which of the three students is “telling the truth.”

12. To Tell the Truth T-Chart: Page 123 • JethroTull • Eli Whitney • James Hargreaves • Richard Arkwright • James Watt • Robert Fulton • Adam Smith • Andrew Carnegie • Karl Marx • Thomas Edison • Henry Bessemer • Henry Ford • Orville and Wilbur Wright Samuel Morse Alexander Graham Bell Guglielmo Marconi Charles Darwin Marie Curie Albert Einstein Louis Pasteur Ivan Pavlov Sigmund Freud Ludwig van Beethoven Charles Dickens Leo Tolstoy Claude Monet

13. Holding your notebook Landscape Style: • Make two t-charts (see the example). • As we play the game you will be filling in the t-chart. • We will complete three discussion questions at the end of the game. • They will not be written down but we will answer them as a class.

14. Discussion Questions: • 1. Who do you think was the most important inventor/contributor of the • Industrial and Cultural Revolution? Why? • 2. Which of the inventions or new ideas do you think is most significant • in the modern world? Why? • 3. Summarize how these inventions and new ideas represent the changes • and impacts of the Industrial and Cultural Age.

15. DO NOW: • Please have your “To Tell the Truth” t-charts out. We will be finishing them and then watching a clip from mankind. • We will be finishing the first clip and then moving onto different political and economic theories of the time. • After brief notes you will be identifying and labeling a cartoon for one of your isms.

16. Mankind Clip Questions: Industrial Revolution 1. Richard Arkwright’s machine changed society into a consumer society. According to the video, what does that mean? 2. Arkwright not only changed how products were made – it changed where they were made. Where did people make products now? 3. How did coal/steam change the world? 4. What obstacle stood in the way of the Baltimore-Ohio Railroad?  5.Benjamin Latrobe, Jr. oversaw the production. Who did most of the actual digging? 6. “America’s most challenging railroad projects cost one worker’s life for…”

17. **Economic Theories during the Industrial Revolution** • * Thomas Malthaus – “An Essay on the Principle of Population” • 1. population is increasing faster than the food supply, so most are destined to be poornfluenced • 2. yet against government helping the poor – would upset the free market system   • * Charles Darwin – The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection • 1. “survival of the fittest” – people/animals who best adapt to the environment survive • New Theory • a. ex. if people have to compete for food, the fittest will survive • Social Darwinism: belief that all human groups compete for survival = the stronger groups will replace the weaker groups. • I

18. . Capitalism – little/no government control • A. factors of production are privately owned • B. money is invested in business to make a profit • C. prices are determined by demand • D. the government should NOT interfere (ex. minimum wage, better working conditions) – would • undermine the production of wealth • A. Adam Smith –Wealth of Nations • 1. laissez-faireeconomics – hands-off government • (economic liberty = economic progress) • 2. people work for own good; competition increases quality; business is regulated by laws of • supply and demand

19. **Economic Responses to the Industrial Revolution (Capitalism) ** • I. General Beliefs – the interests of the WHOLE society are more important than individual interests • A. Utilitarianism/utopian ideas – government intervention/control • 1. Robert Owen – utopian • a. improved conditions in his own factory (ex. no child labor, education provided, better hours,…) • B.Socialism – public ownership of factors of production; government controls key industries (ex. RR, mines,…) • 1. Balance between capitalism and communism – government still has some share of ownership

20. C. Radical Socialism 1. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels – The Communist Manifesto – outline ideas about Marxism • 2. Beliefs • a. constant struggle between economic classes • 1. “HAVES” – bourgeoisie – control means to produce goods • 2. “HAVENOTS” – proletariat – do backbreaking labor • b. the proletariats will eventually rise up and overthrow the oppressors (capitalist society) • c. they will then create a classless society – equality for all • D. Communism – people own ALL means of production • 1. wealth and property equally shared • 2. NO private property • 3. would eventually impact Russia, China, Cuba,..

21. After Economic Theories Notes ½ page- Cartoon on other half: • Please pick one of the isms we just learned about and label the cartoon. • For each cell of the cartoon fill it out as it would apply to the ism that you chose at the bottom of the sheet, explain why you entered what you did into the cell. • 10 minutes

22. What is this banner calling for? 2. How could a union help achieve this?

23. Long Term Outcomes: • I. Poor Working Conditions Led to… • A. Government regulation 1. Saddler Committee – Parliamentary committee to investigate child labor 2. Factory Acts of 1819 and 1833 – regulate child labor 3. 1847 – 10 Hours Act • B. Formation of Unions • 1. use strikes and collective bargaining to fight for workers’ rights

24. II. Emergence of New Social Classes Led to… • A. General increase in standard of living • B. More complex social order (as opposed to traditional societies: nobles vs. peasants) • 1. upper class – rich industrial business families, old nobility • 2. middle class – midlevel business people, doctors, • scientists, lawyers, teachers, office workers, shop owners, clerks • 3. lower class–factory workers and peasants

25. B. Increased opportunities for Education • 1. public schools in late 1800s • 2. middle-class could afford to send kids to higher education • C. Increased democratic participation • 1. Voting (Suffrage) Laws • a. Reform Bill of 1832 – allowed middle class men to vote • b. 1884 – all men allowed to vote • c. 1928 – all citizens of age allowed to vote (women also finally allowed to vote) • D. Slavery abolished in 1833 (Great Britain)

26. Urbanization: • III. Urbanization Led to…. • A. development of the suburbs for the wealthy • B. housing, diet, and clothing improvements • C. paved streets, electric lights, sewer systems, fire and police forces • D. skyscrapers, museums, theaters, and entertainment • IV. Better farming methods, medical advancements, and improved sanitation led to… • A. Europe’s population doubled between 1800-1900

27. V. New technology and business practices led to… • A. Improved efficiency • 1. interchangeable parts and the assembly line • B. New business models • 1. corporations – businesses owned by many investors who buy shares of stock • 2. monopolies – corporations that controlled entire industries or areas of the economy • a. led to increased demand for business regulation by the government • C. …Impacts around the World…

28. I. Spreading of Ideas • A. Other countries, such as Germany, France, Belgium, and the U.S. began to • industrialize • 1. industrialization in these countries also led to similar economic and social changes • II. Global Interdependence • A. Countries began to rely on one another for materials and markets

29. III. Global Migration • A. better transportation, overcrowding, poor social and political conditions led people to search • of better life • 1. many came to the U.S. from 1845-1910 • 2. Irish potato famine – failure of crops and harsh rule by Britain led to mass migration • IV. Global Inequalities • A. the gap increased between industrialized and non-industrialized nations’ economic and • political status in the world • B. industrialized nations began to look outside their borders for raw materials, cheap • labor, and new markets • 1. this would lead to racism, warfare (competition for resources), and • IMPERIALISM!

30. Mankind Questions Urbanization: • Sanitation in Industrial Mega-Cities: 1. What was the primary cause of death in cities? 2. How did Dr. John Snow discover the true source of the cholera outbreak? 3. How did the authorities finally stop the outbreak? 4. Parliament finally intervened to stop “The Great Stink.” What did they do that both reduced death and the miserable stench?

31. Urbanization and the Urban Game • Please take a piece of grid paper, on the lined page of the your notebook, copy down the key that we will be using for the game. • It is very important that you copy down and label the image correctly, because it will be important when playing the game

33. A lesson on the industrial Revolution The Urban Game

34. Directions Concentrate on listening to the story. Work quickly to complete each instruction in the minutes given. You will be evaluated on your poster and answers to the questions at the end. I can’t repeat any part of the story! Listen and follow the directions carefully. Do NOT ask for repeating!

35. It is 1700 in England. Draw a river across your paper connecting east to west. The river should be about an inch wide. Draw a wooden bridge across the river, 4 roads originating from each direction, 10 houses, a church, a cemetery, a “commons” area, a store, a pub, a coal mine, and a lot of trees all over the scene.

36. By 1745, the scene begins to change… Build yourself 1 nice home anywhere on the map you would like it to be. Construct a canal to provide better transportation – it must run parallel to the river.

37. By 1750, the population begins to grow a bit. Add 7 houses to your scene.

38. By 1760, needs are different. Take away half of the commons area and add 1 more nice house.

39. In 1773, the town changes drastically. No turning back. Add one factory. The cotton factory must be located on the river bank.

40. The factory is changing our town. By 1774, we are growing. This is progress! Things will only get better with this progress! Right? Add 5 houses, 1 church, 1 pub, and 1 store. You may draw additional roads and 1 bridge. Add 5 new factories.

41. By 1780, with all of the new factories, the demand for labor has grown our population. People are coming from all around the town for work. Add 5 tenements.

42. By 1781, the new population requires more… While much of the population works in the factories for low wages, there is a small middle class and an elite upper class of owners. They need the schooling for their boys. Add 1 store, 1 pub, and 1 church. Add 1 school for boys.

43. By 1782, many of the workers in the factories need something to help them forget the hard work they do in the factories. Add 2 more pubs.

44. By the next year, 1783, other wealthy investors come to town. Add 2 large, special, luxury homes.

45. By 1784, the new owners begin bringing more progress for our town. Add 10 more factories. Add a huge monster house.

46. As the century turns in 1800, we are definitely seeing the costs of progress. We need to find more energy and update our town to support the factories. Add 1 new coal mine and a new iron bridge to replace the old wooden bridge.

47. This progress is really taking its toll… By 1815, the town is no longer as excited about the factories coming to town. Add a cemetery, complete with headstones. Many of the headstones will read the names of those who died from doing their jobs in the new factories.

48. Maybe a new development will make it all worth it. By 1820, a new form of transportation is coming to town. Add 1 railroad line connecting your factory district to the outer coal mining regions.

49. Unfortunately, only the wealthy will benefit from the new transportation. The rest just work and sleep. Some get frustrated by the situation. By 1827, our little town has definitely changed. Add 1 jail and 2 pubs.

50. Still, progress doesn’t stop. By 1837, we have to find ways to keep the town up at night to get the work done. Draw street lights (fueled by oil), lining your business and community streets.