Elements in Today's Society

1. Elements in Today's Society Andrew Kopacz

2. Symbol: B Atomic Number: 5 Atomic Weight: 10.811 Word Origin: Arabic Buraq; Persian Burah. These are the Arabic and Persian words for borax. Element Classification: Semimetal Boron Facts

3. Boron's Whos/Wheres/Whens 1808 - Boron was isolated from natural compounds by Sir Humphrey Davy, J. L. Gay - Lussac, and L. J. Thenard in England. 1824 - Boron was identified as an element by Jons Jacob Berzelius in France. 1909 - Boron was produced in a pure state by American chemist W. Weintraub.

4. Boron's Whats Boron doesn't naturally occur, but it can be separated from naturally occurring compunds, such as borates in borax and colemanite and as small traces of orthoboric acid in certain volcanic springs, although the main source is rasorite, a mineral. High-purity crystalline boron can be vaporized from boron trichloride or boron tribromide. Certain qualities of boron are being tested for treating arthritis; some compunds of boron can also be made into glass. In addition to lead, boron can also be used to contain nuclear radiation.

5. Palladium Facts Symbol: Pd Atomic Number: 46 Atomic Weight: 106.42 Word Origin: Palladium was named for the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered approximately the same time (1803). Pallas was the Greek goddess of wisdom. Element Classification: Transition Metal

6. Paladium's Whos/Wheres/Whens 1803 - Palladium was discovered by William Wollaston in England.

7. Palladium's Whats Palladium is usually found along with other metallic elements in the platinum group such as platinum, nickel, and copper deposits. It is becoming famous for its look and starting to replace platinum in the manufacturing of jewelry, because it looks about the same as Platinum, but costs less. Palladium is also used as a base metal to fuse with other metals for making such jewelry and tools in dentistry.

8. Sodium Facts Symbol: Na Atomic Number: 11 Atomic Weight: 22.989768 Sodium Word Origin: English soda and Medieval Latin sodanum: headache remedy; Latin natrium: sodium carbonate. Element Classification: Alkali Metal

9. Sodium's Whos/Wheres/Whens 1807 - Sir Humphry David also discovered this element in England.

10. Sodium's Whats Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the earths crust, following oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, and calcium. Sodium is also the most abundant of the alkali metals. Although many people think that sodium is equal to salt, it is not. Salt is a compound of sodium, specifically sodium chloride. Sodium is actually an important part of nutrition, and some compundsof salt are used in or during the process of the making of glass, soap, paper, textile, chemical, petroleum, and in many metal industries.

11. Boron Appearance: hard, brittle, lustrous black semimetal Sodium Appearance: soft, silvery-white metal Palladium Appearance: silvery-white, soft, malleable and ductile metal

12. http://www.specmaterials.com/boronfiber.htm http://www.specmaterials.com/boronepoxyrepair.htm http://www.facts-about.org.uk/science-element-boron.htm http://chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/boron.htm http://www.luxurypalladium.com/TRADE/ http://chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/palladium.htm http://chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/sodium.htm http://education.jlab.org/glossary/abund_ele.html http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTableDisplay/Samples/005.1/s9.JPG http://www.etftrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Palladium_1.jpg http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/images/elements/Na_sodium.jpg https://docs.google.com/present/edit?id=0ATJfWKYwEKl6ZGY0c3Q3djNfM2Zkdjc3N2Zr&hl=en&pli=1 Sites

13. By: Leah Stoltz Elements Report

14. Hydrogen: Discovery: In 1672, Robert Boyle was the first to discover hydrogen as a gas when he noted that there was a reaction between iron filings and dilute acids. In 1766, Henry Cavendish reported that the gas was burnable and then in 1781 found that water was a reaction of the gas being burned. In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier gave the element the name hydrogen. This was from the Greek word-parts “hydro-” meaning water and “genes” meaning creator to follow up on Henry Cavendish’s discovery of the water production.

15. Hydrogen: Uses: Hydrogen is used in many different fields of work. Hydrogen in a liquid form creates so much energy but doesn’t create much pollution at all when it is used by itself; not as part of another compound. NASA has used liquid hydrogen when launching their spaceships into space because it can create enough energy to propel the craft while not polluting a huge area in the process. Hydrogen is also a main component in making fuel cells. Fuel cells are a combination of hydrogen and oxygen. Fuel cells can create heat, water, and electricity because of the chemical reaction that takes place. This reaction can continue on if there is a continuous supply of both components. MedisTechnologies is creating a charger with this fuel cell technology that will create a longer charge for everyday items that most people have such as a cell phone. They are trying to make these at an affordable price for consumers.

16. Hydrogen: Where hydrogen is obtained: Hydrogen is obtained by extracting it from natural compounds. Hydrogen extremely common and can be found in many compounds but it doesn’t occur in nature in its pure form. Element Make-up: Hydrogen is made up of 1 proton and 1 neutron. It has a boiling point of -252.87 degrees Celsius and -423.166 degrees Fahrenheit. Its melting point is -259.14 degrees Celsius and -434.45203 degrees Fahrenheit. Periodic Table Symbol:

17. Copper: Discovery: Copper has been around for so long that it is not clear about who discovered it and when it was first used. All we know is that copper is most likely one of the very first very metals used by the human race. Copper has been used for many reasons over the years beginning thousands of years ago by the first civilizations. Copper was used for weaponry as well as household items as it is still used today.

18. Copper: What is it Used For: Copper is used in the form of copper oxide in the creation of solar cells. Solar cells are used in solar panels to collect rays from the sun to be later transferred into energy. This energy can be used to power homes and industrial buildings that make products that we use everyday. Solar panels use solar cells to trap the rays from the sun. The rays are transformed into electric currents that can power many objects. Solar panels have been put on buildings to cut down on other forms of electric sources which add up in costs. Solar panels have also been put on satellites to collect power and keep the station in working order. In space, closer to the sun, the particles that are collected are very abundant so they are able to be collected easily.

19. Copper: Where can it be obtained: Copper is found in alluvial deposits . Some of the top mining companies are the USA, China, Russia, Canada, and Indonesia. Copper can be found throughout the world because of the different minerals that make up this element. The minerals that make up this element are so common that they show up virtually everywhere. Element Make-up: The boiling point of copper is 2567.0 degrees Celsius and2840.15 degrees Fahrenheit. The melting point of copper is 1083 degrees Celsius and 1356.15 degrees Fahrenheit. Periodic Table Symbol:

20. Aluminum: Discovery: Aluminum was discovered by Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish chemist, in 1825. Because it was hard to extract then , aluminum was considered rare. As we know it today, it is anything but rare. Aluminum is one of the most common metals that we use.

21. Aluminum: What is it Used for: Aluminum is used for packaging goods and products for shipping as well as for marketing. Cans are made of aluminum because it is a plentiful element and also because it is easily formed to cover an object. Depending on how think the piece of aluminum is, it can be flimsy or extremely sturdy. Depending on what you are casing inside the aluminum you are going to want to adjust the thickness to match the degree of protection needed. Aluminum is also used in the creation of windmill blades. That is how this element is related to clean energy. Aluminum is light weight and can be moved by the wind. The movement that the wind creates, the spinning, turns a generator that in turn creates an electrical current.

22. Aluminum: Where can it be Obtained: Aluminum comes from the break down of other materials that contain aluminum. This is done by putting whatever the aluminum resides in, in with another chemical that breaks the materials done. Element Make-up: The boiling point for aluminum is 2466.85 degrees Celsius and the melting point is 660.32 degrees Celsius. Periodic Table Symbol:

23. Sources: Hydrogen: Copper (Copper Oxide): • http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/hydrogen • http://seekingalpha.com/article/19557-three-hydrogen-energy-companies-worth-knowing • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen#Discovery_and_use • http://www.webelements.com/hydrogen/history.html • http://scitoys.com/scitoys/scitoys/echem/echem2.html • http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htm • http://www.periodic-table.org.uk/element-copper.htm

24. Sources Continued: Aluminum: • http://www.novelis.com/Internet/en-US/Sustainability/Sustainability+In+Action/Novelisimproveswindturbines.htm • http://www.whodiscoveredit.com/who-discovered-aluminum.html • http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Wind-Turbine.html • http://www.aluminiumleader.com/en/around/design/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium#Natural_occurrence

25. My Elements PowerPoint By Charlie Parlier

26. First Discovery of Carbon C • Carbon is thought to have been discovered in prehistoric times as diamonds and graphite, which may have been around 1200B.C. It was also discovered by the Romans on the island of Cyprus.

27. The experiment that changed the way we looked at carbon. • For a long time people were thinking that graphite and diamonds were made out of 2 different elements until Humphrey Davy did an experiment. He showed that heating diamonds using oxygen produced carbon dioxide and then he heated a diamond without using oxygen and the diamond turned into graphite. This was around 1930.

28. How is Carbon used today • Carbon is used for diamonds, water filters, fuel and energy, graphite, drinks, food, steel, nano tubes, and also aerospace engineering. • A lot of these things are made and then later sold such as diamonds, drinks, food, and steel. Other uses are for helping people. For example, fuel and energy give us a way to keep our lights on.

29. Carbon’s Energy We use coal for a lot of our energy and if we didn’t have carbon we wouldn’t be able to keep everything running the same way we do now. We use coal to run some trains and we can use coal to heat our houses or small rooms with a coal burning stove.

30. First discovery of Titanium Ti • Titanium was first discovered by an English pastor. His name was Reverend William Gregor. He discovered it when he found a weird mineral near his house. It was first produced by Matthew A. Hunter, who was an American metallurgist in 1910.

31. What Titanium is used for • The most important thing that titanium is used for is to make alloys. It also is used in steel, because it is strong and it can resist rust.

32. What are alloys • Alloys are mixtures of metals. Titanium is a very important part of making alloys. There are new alloys that are being engineered to be used for space. This will be sold and then used by space industries such as NASA.

33. Nickel Ni • Around 20 B.C in what is now Syria nickel was used for bronze. Nickel was discovered by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt who was a Swedish chemist. He discovered this in 1751. He was trying to extract copper from Kupfornickel, but instead of getting copper he got a white metal that he decided to name nickel.

34. What nickel is used for • Nickel, like titanium, is very important for the development of alloys. It is also used to make stainless steel. It is most commonly known because it is used as American currency, the nickel. It is very hard so it is able to make these kinds of things.

35. What nickel alloys are used for • They are used to make coins, jewelry and even valve and heat exchangers. The problem is that a lot of these will dissolve easily or turn into a greenish color when there is a lot of water.

36. How my elements got their names • Copper: The Latin word coprum or copper means “from Cyprus” because it was discovered by the Romans on the island of Cyprus. • Titanium: It comes from the Greek name Titans which means “first sons on Earth”. The Titans were also very powerful gods. • Nickel: It comes from the German word “Old Nick.”

37. By Daniel De Bord POWER POINT ELEMENT

38. I CHOSE THE ELEMENTS • Einsteinium • Technetium • Plutonium

39. WHY? • The reason I chose these elements were because they are radioactive and and have massive counts per minute so it can be harvested as energy easily. They can be used for weapons and for crazy xray things. They can be used as energy for a whole or energy combined with other stuff like eachother.

40. Einsteinium 1952 • Es • Atomic Number 99 • Atomic weight 252 • Solid at 298k ( kelvin )

41. Technetium 1925 • Tc • Atomic number 43 • Atomic weight 98 • Solid at 298k

42. Plutonium 1940 • Pu • Atomic number 94 • Atomic weight 244 • Solid at 298k

43. History : Einsteinium • Einsteinium is a rare radioactive metal that is named after the person who did not find it, Albert Einstein. It has a very small history because only a few of its compounds are known. It is an Actinoid and a metal.

44. History : Technetium 1925 • Technetium has been found in s-,n-, and m- type stars. This helps find the production of heavy elements in stars. Technetium is a silvery-gray metal. It gives off 200 counts of radioactive pulse per minute. That is high. The metal also tarnishes slowly in moist air.

45. History : Plutonium • Plutonium is the best element that I chose because it gives off 22 million kilowatt hours of heat energy. That is equal to 20,000 tons of chemical explosive, so if you want to blow something up, you would use this. This would be used as an energy as a heat. You would take the heat and convert into electricity. Plutonium contamination though is an environmental problem.

46. Energy • The main reason I did this research was for energy. Einsteinium, Technetium, and Plutonium can be used for energy by themselves and through conversion.

47. Energy uses • Plutonium is used for powering things for space all the time, like seismic meters and other measures. • Technetium has not been used for energy yet, Because it tarnishes in moist air so people have not found a way to use it as energy by itself. • Einsteinium is radioactive and can be used for energy through that purpose. All these energies can be used for energies in the future for a lot of purposes and can be used now.

48. Sources • Books • Library • Brother • periodic.lanl.gov/elements/

49. MyElementPresentationDaija Wroten

50. Element B which is the symbol for Boron Boron is used in everyday life within How is boron used in everyday life. , sporting goods, plant nutrients ,textiles, insecticides and a cure for arthritis