Compound Sentences Complex Sentences

Compound SentencesComplex Sentences

Compound Sentences • Compound sentences - formed when 2 complete sentences (independent clauses) are joined together with a semicolon or a comma and a conjunction Ex. People saw patterns of stars in the sky, and they gave them names. People saw patterns of stars in the sky; they gave them names.

Coordinate Conjunctions • Coordinate conjunctions – the conjunctions that join sentences together to form compound sentences. and for or yet but so nor

Using Nor • Nor is a special conjunction that works a little differently than the other conjunctions: V S V EX. I do not like orange juice, nor do I likeapple juice. • Notice how the second clause reverses the normal subject/verb order.

Practice Combine the following sentences to form a compound sentence: • You must observe the rules. You must withdraw from the race. (or) • I did well on the test. Maria did well, too. (and)

Conjunctive Adverbs • conjunctive adverb is an adverb that connects two independent clauses. Conjunctive adverbs show cause and effect, sequence, contrast, comparison, or other relationships.

Conjunctive Adverbs Cont. • Use a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb to separate two independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb. • Use a comma following the conjunctive adverb.

Conjunctive Adverbs Cont. • Examples: He went to the store; however, he did not buy anything. Elaine wanted to high-five the friendly giant; consequently, she had to jump to reach him.

Conjunctive Adverbs Cont. • Common Conjunctive Adverbs accordingly furthermore moreover similarly also hence namely still anyway however nevertheless then besides next certainly indeed nonetheless therefore consequently instead now thus finally likewise otherwise further meanwhile

Complex Sentences • Complex Sentences – 2 complete sentences joined together by using a subordinate conjunction. One sentence becomes a dependent clause. • Use a comma when the dependent clause comes at the beginning of the sentence. Do not use a comma if the dependent clause is found within the sentence. Ex. Before scientists invented telescopes, the moon was hard to investigate. The moon was hard to investigate before scientists invented telescopes.

Subordinate Conjunctions after how since until although when so that if as whenever that than where because though unless

Remember this important point: • A subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a sentence because it does not provide a complete thought. The reader is left wondering, "So what happened?" A word group that begins with a capital letter and ends with a period must contain at least one main clause. Otherwise, you will have written a fragment, a major error.

After Amy sneezed all over the tuna salad. • So what happened? Did Amy throw it down the garbage disposal or serve it on toast to her friends? No complete thought = fragment. • Once Adam smashed the spider. • So what happened? Did Belinda cheer him for his bravery or lecture him on animal rights? No complete thought = fragment.

Until Mr. Miller has his first cup of coffee. • So what happens? Is he too sleepy to work, or does he have a grumpy disposition? No complete thought = fragment. • Who ate handfuls of Cheerios with his bare hands. • So what happened? Were the roommates shocked, or did they ask him to pass the box so that they could do the same? No complete thought = fragment.

Practice Identify the dependent clause in the following complex sentences. • Since historic buildings are protected by laws, shipwrecks should be too. • Many beautiful ships were robbed before laws existed.

Practice continued Combine the following sentences to form a complex sentence. • A new wreck is discovered. People argue about its exploration. (whenever) • Some divers will take objects from a shipwreck. They find it. (as soon as)

Relative Pronouns • Relative pronouns are used to form dependent clauses in complex sentences. EX. The child, who is wearing the overalls, is my cousin. The letter, which arrived Saturday, is from my father. I know the boy who lives in that house. • The relative pronoun becomes the subject in the dependent clause

Relative Pronouns who whom whomever whoever whose which that

Compound Sentences Complex Sentences