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Electric Fields and Forces

Electric Fields and Forces. Gravity is a field force. A small object in the gravitational field feels the gravitational force and is attracted to the more massive object as a result. A field exists around all objects with mass.

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Electric Fields and Forces

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  1. Electric Fields and Forces

  2. Gravity is a field force. A small object in the gravitational field feels the gravitational force and is attracted to the more massive object as a result.

  3. A field exists around all objects with mass. Its strength increases with more mass and closer to the object.

  4. What would happen to an object in this gravitational field? -feels a force toward Earth -accelerates toward Earth

  5. How can we calculate the strength of this gravitational field? Calculate the acceleration due to gravity. Fg = mg g=Fg / m

  6. Replace Earth with a negative charge.This is called the source charge (Q).

  7. Replace the object with a small positive charge, called the test charge (q). Always positive unless stated otherwise. +

  8. What would happen to the test charge? - Feels a force toward source charge + - Accelerates toward source charge - E-field lines go toward a negative source charge.

  9. What if the source charge is positive? - Feels a force away from source charge + - Accelerates away from source charge - E-field lines go away from a positive source charge.

  10. How can we calculate the strength of this electric field? Electric field strength -Units N/C  test charge Recall: g = Fg / m E = Fe / q OR Fe = qE

  11. Similar to… Fg = Fg mg = GMm r2 g = GM r2

  12. Another way…  source charge Distance between source  charge and either another charge or location E = kQ r2 k is Coulomb’s constant k = 9 x 109 Nm2/C2

  13. Coulomb’s Law • Similar to Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation • F = GMm r2 • Calculates the electrical force between 2 charges.

  14. Coulomb’s Law E=F/q E = kQ r2 F = kQ q r2 F = kQq r2

  15. VERY IMPORTANT NOTE!!!!!!! Use the absolute value of all charges (q or Q) in all of the above equations!

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