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GROUNDING 101

GROUNDING 101. GROUNDING 101. WHY DO WE GROUND?. SAFETY. Protect People. Protect Equipment from Fault Currents. WHY SHOULD WE GROUND?. Electricity will always follow the path of least resistance to ground .

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GROUNDING 101

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  1. GROUNDING 101

  2. GROUNDING 101

  3. WHY DO WE GROUND? • SAFETY • Protect People • Protect Equipment from Fault Currents

  4. WHY SHOULD WE GROUND? Electricity will always follow the path of least resistanceto ground. Proper circuit grounding will keep electricity from using your body to get to ground Grounded Circuit Requirements: • Path is continuous and permanent • Ample capacity • Low Resistance • Circuit parts are bonded together

  5. WHAT DO WE GAIN? • Provides personnel safety - #1 priority • Provides a stable signal reference for instrument accuracy • Controls Radio Frequency emissions & Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI’s) • Provides a discharge path for short circuits and lightning strikes

  6. LIGHTNING PROTECTION • LIGHTNING FACTS • Packs between 35,000 and 40,000 amperes • Generates temperatures as high as 50,000 C • Travels as far as 40 miles • Strikes somewhere on the earth every second • Kills 100 people each year in the U.S.A. • Destroys millions of dollars in property and equipment

  7. STATIC DISCHARGE • THE UNWANTED SPARK

  8. Example: TEL-COM CELL SITE Grounding Locations

  9. BURNDY HAS THREE TYPES OF GROUNDING PRODUCTS • COMPRESSION • MECHANICAL • EXOTHERMIC (weld)

  10. MECHANICAL

  11. WHAT IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR? • Makes a secure connection using bolts or other hardware to bind conductors in place. • Range Taking • No special tooling • Inexpensive • Removable

  12. WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON CONNECTORS?

  13. CONNECTOR CATEGORIES • BUS BAR / FLAT BAR GB GZ GBM Cable to bar with separator Cable to bar loop Cable directly to bar

  14. CONNECTOR CATEGORIES • BUS BAR / FLAT BAR GL QGFL Two parallel cables / tap Eye in basket GCM GC Two Cables directly to bar Two cable to bar with separator

  15. CONNECTOR CATEGORIES • BUS BAR / FLAT BAR KC KPB GKA Servit post

  16. CONNECTOR CATEGORIES • FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING GK GAR Three cable parallel GP Cable to rod GD Two cable Perpendicular Two cable parallel

  17. CONNECTOR CATEGORIES • FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING GAR-TC GG Cable at 45 90 degrees KC Cable or braid to rod Servit post

  18. CONNECTOR CATEGORIES • FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING Lower cost clamps GC-A Duel rated pipe clamps

  19. CONNECTOR CATEGORIES • GROUND RODS / REBAR GRC GK GP Ground Rod Clamp GAR Three cable parallel Two cable perpendicular Cable to rod

  20. CONNECTOR CATEGORIES • STATIC GROUND GIE GRF GP-G1 Vehicle or temporary ground Raised flooring Raised flooring

  21. CONNECTOR CATEGORIES • CABLE & BRAID Braid Spans movable areas GG Cable or braid to rod GX KA Cross connection Tap to run

  22. CONNECTOR CATEGORIES • TRANSFORMER • RAIL & BEAM KC QGFL Servit post Eye in basket J&RGC GA-H Cable to H beam or tube

  23. HIGHLIGHTS: SPLIT BOLTS KS25 AVAILABLE FROM #2 TO 500 kcmil • UL Listed for direct burial

  24. HIGHLIGHTS: Parts of a Split Bolt

  25. HIGHLIGHTS: Dual Rated Split Bolts • Used for any combination of copper and aluminum conductors.

  26. JOINING COPPER AND ALUMINUM

  27. RAISED FOOR GROUNDING • RAISED FLOOR GROUND GRIDS

  28. GRF CLAMP ON RAISED FLOOR • Can be used on round or square pedestals • Accommodates one or two grounding wires

  29. Epoxy paint penetrating GP-G1 / GP-RT FOR RAISED FLOOR • Can be used on round or square pedestals • Accommodates one or two grounding wires

  30. QUESTION: • WHEN IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR NOT ACCEPTABLE? ANSWER: When a permanent connection is called out, or When connection is exposed to severe conditions such as extreme vibration

  31. MECHANICALQUESTIONS?

  32. BURNDYWELD

  33. BURNDYWELD • USES AN EXOTHERMIC PROCESS TO JOIN COPPER • PROVIDES A SOLID COPPER IRREVERSIBLE BOND • WILL NOT LOOSEN OR CORRODE AT THE WELD

  34. EXOTHERMIC PROCESS • The exothermic process is a simple, efficient method of welding copper to copper or copper to steel. • This process uses a high temperature reaction of powdered copper oxide and aluminum. • Reaction takes place in a graphite mold. • Mold will last for 50 or more welds with proper care. • This system is very field friendly, since it is light and portable and requires no outside power.

  35. THE SEQUENCE OF STEPS • Open mold using handle clamp, and insert the conductors as desired • Insert steel disc into the mold cavity • Pour powdered metal into the mold cavity • Close the lid • Tap powder container to add the starting powder to ignition pocket • Use flint device to ignite • Brush and remove mold MOLD

  36. SIX STEPS FOR A PERFECT BURNDYWELD 2. 1. 3. 4. 6. 5.

  37. OVER 57 DIFFERENT MOLDS CABLE TO CABLE WELD TO REBAR

  38. MOUNT TO FLAT OR ROUND SURFACE MOLDS

  39. SINGLE SHOTS • PROVIDES THE SAME WELD RESULT IN A COST EFFECTIVE, ONE TIME USE PACKAGE

  40. WELD QUALITYWhat do you look for?

  41. WELD QUALITY • Many factors contribute to the weld success

  42. WELD INSPECTION HOW DO YOU TEST THE INTEGRITY OF A WELD IN THE FIELD?

  43. COMMON PROBLEMS WITH EXOTHERMIC WELDING • Moisture • Worn molds • Unclean conductors • Unclean mold • Mistakes made in welding process

  44. ANY QUESTIONS ON BURNDYWELD?

  45. COMPRESSION

  46. COMPRESSION THEORY • CREATION OF A HOMOGENEOUS MASS

  47. HY-GROUND SYSTEM

  48. COMPRESSION • Range Taking • Permanent • Safe to install • Quick and Easy • BURNDY HAS DEVELOPED AN IRREVERSIBLE COMPRESSION GROUND SYSTEM WHICH MEETS THE STRINGENT SAFETY AND PREFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS UL AND IEEE. • CONNECTORS EMPLOY WELL PROVEN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGY THAT HAVE BEEN IN EXISTENCE FOR OVER 60 YEARS.

  49. COMMON APPLICATIONS • Where HY-GROUND is used

  50. GRID LAY OUT

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