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Earth Energy & Ice

Earth Energy & Ice. CNE. Sweet B/D 6 th floor, 36-4, Geoyeo-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul (Tel) 822-430-3728, 822-430-3729 (Fax) 822-430-2630 E-Mail : cne04@hotmail.com.

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Earth Energy & Ice

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  1. Earth Energy & Ice CNE. Sweet B/D 6th floor, 36-4, Geoyeo-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul (Tel) 822-430-3728, 822-430-3729 (Fax) 822-430-2630 E-Mail : cne04@hotmail.com

  2. Port Hawkesbury Civic Centre, Port Hawkesbury, NS • Project description • System description • Conventional approach • Integrated geothermal approach • Energy Use • Conventional system • Integrated geothermal system • Environmental benefits • LEED™ certification benefits • Other benefits www.cnegeo.co.kr

  3. Port Hawkesbury Civic Center Eligible for LEED SILVER Certification Earth Energy system contributes 15 of 36 points SAERC Building • Port Hawkesbury Civic Centre, Port Hawkesbury, NS • Building includes: • 1,200 seat hockey arena, 48,900 square feet (4,545 m2) • Town offices, 2,600 square feet (241 m2) • YMCA fitness centre, 10,000 square feet (930 m2) • Retail space, 5,200 square feet (483 m2) • Conference centre, 19,200 square feet (1,785 m2) • Theatre, 2,900 square feet (270 m2) • Miscellaneous space, 3,300 square feet (307 m2) www.cnegeo.co.kr

  4. The Building Theatre 2,900 sq. ft. Theatre Conference Retail Conference Retail Offices Offices 2,600 sq. ft. Fitness Fitness 10,000 sq. ft. Ice rink Ice rink Concession Change rooms Main level Second level Total building area: 92,100 sq. ft. (8,560 m2) www.cnegeo.co.kr

  5. The Building Televised curling events 1,200 seat hockey rink conference centre & town offices fitness centre www.cnegeo.co.kr

  6. A Traditional Approach to an Ice Arena • Traditional approach made up of several independent systems • Refrigeration plant to make ice • HVAC system • Dehumidification system in ice area • Service hot water for showers & resurfacing www.cnegeo.co.kr

  7. Conventional Ice Rink System are Energy Intensive Electric heat Green house gases Waste heat Dehumidification Refrigeration Ice Pool Arena heaters Hot water Gas heaters Gas boilers – space heat, pool heat & DHW

  8. Fossil Fuels 10-20% of heat up the chimney 1 unit of purchased fossil fuel 80-90% of heat to the building C.O.P. = 0.9 www.cnegeo.co.kr

  9. Electric Heat 1 unit of purchased electricity 1 unit of heat to the building C.O.P. = 1.0 www.cnegeo.co.kr

  10. Conventional Refrigeration Plant Refrigeration plant in a conventional ice rink typically consists of 1-3 industrial compressors. In Canada over 60% of the ice rinks use R717 (ammonia) refrigerant A typical system contains 800-1,200 pounds (360-550 kg) of refrigerant, usually in a single refrigerant circuit Screw compressor 30-hp brine pump Fluid flow rates range from 800-1,500 gpm (50-95 l/s) Typically a 20-40 hp brine pump is needed Reciprocating compressor www.cnegeo.co.kr

  11. Conventional Refrigeration Plant Maintenance Reciprocating compressor overhaul Manufacturers recommend overhaul every 8,000 hours for reciprocating compressor (estimated $5,000 - $8,000) …every 25,000 hours for screw compressor (estimated $12,000 - $18,000) www.cnegeo.co.kr

  12. Cooling Tower Cooling tower sized for complete heat of rejection from refrigeration plant. Maintenance problems, especially in colder climates. High water consumption www.cnegeo.co.kr

  13. Conventional HVAC System Rooftop units commonly used to provide heating and air conditioning Exhaust fans and makeup air units provide fresh air for the building Gas fired infrared heaters supply heat to the spectator stands at low capital cost Rooftop HVAC system Gas infrared heaters www.cnegeo.co.kr

  14. Conventional Ice Rink Piping PVC headers in a header trench with mechanical connections Steel header buried in center of floor with mechanical connections Curved steel header buried in end of rink with mechanical connections U-bends buried in concrete with mechanical connections www.cnegeo.co.kr

  15. Integrated Approach to the Ice Arena • Integrated system is a single system that: • Refrigerates ice • Conditions the spaces in the building • Dehumidifies the ice area • Provides service hot water for showers & resurfacing A single system can simultaneously provide chilled and hot water. One or the other is free. An earth loop stores energy and facilitates the opportunities for simultaneous heating and cooling www.cnegeo.co.kr

  16. Integrated Geothermal HVAC & Refrigeration Optimize Energy Efficiency (45-55% energy cost reduction) EA Credit 1: 8 points Innovation in Design (Simultaneous heating / cooling) ID Credit 1.2: 1 point Innovation in Design (Snow melt reduce condense temp) ID Credit 1.3: 1 point CFC Reduction EA Prerequisite 1 Heat pumps transfer heat to and from building to earth loop Heat pumps heat water to heat pool, space & DHW Heat pumps heat, cool & dehumidify area Heat taken from ice is stored in earth loop Ice Pool Earth Loop absorbs excess heat & stores it till needed

  17. Integrated GeoExchange System $114,000/yr Other Nearby Buildings Can be Connected to Loop Heat from ice warms the building, or stored in earth loop. Nearby buildings take advantage of warm earth loop Ice Pool Earth Loop absorbs excess heat & stores it till needed

  18. Earth Energy 1 unit of purchased electricity 3.5 units of heat to the building Plus 2.5 units of free energy from the earth C.O.P. = 3.5 www.cnegeo.co.kr

  19. Integrated Heating, Cooling & Refrigeration 1 unit of purchased electricity 4 units of heat to the building 3 units of heat from the ice C.O.P. = 7.0 www.cnegeo.co.kr

  20. Low Temperature Fluid-to-Fluid Heat Pumps 8 water-water heat pumps provide refrigeration to make ice. Heat is rejected either directly into building via radiant floor heat system, or into horizontal earth loop. Heat is also drawn from horizontal earth loop when ice temperature is satisfied and heat is required. Total refrigeration capacity at ice making temperatures: 88 tons Refrigerant: 12 pounds (5.5 kg) R404A per unit CFC Reduction EA Prerequisite 1 Eliminate HCFC & Halon (R404A refrigerant – 36 kg) EA Credit 4: 1 point www.cnegeo.co.kr

  21. Rink Pipe Headers in Mechanical Room Fusion welded headers for rink surface and thermal storage buffer located in mechanical room enhances serviceability. Compression fitting valves on each circuit simplifies installation of pipe as well as flushing and purging system. Rink piping can conform to rink shape since header is located in mechanical room. www.cnegeo.co.kr

  22. Radiant Heat Directly from Refrigeration Plant Floor heat in change rooms & lobby Heated spectator seats Snow melt pit for snow taken from ice when resurfacing

  23. Domestic Hot Water & Flood Water 4 hot water storage tanks (120 US gallons or 450 l) 2 electric hot water tanks (12 kW ea) boost final water temperature to >120°F (50°C) Water-to-water heat pump produces 120°F (50°C) water for showers & resurfacing ice Make up water is preheated directly by refrigeration heat pumps using a double wall vented heat exchanger www.cnegeo.co.kr

  24. Forced Air Heat Pumps Provide Heating & Cooling Water-to-air heat pumps provide heating and air conditioning as required in lobby, offices, conference centre, fitness centre and theatre www.cnegeo.co.kr

  25. Ground Loop Reduces Use of Cooling Tower Water Use Reduction – 20% WE Credit 3.1: 1 point Water Use Reduction – 30% WE Credit 3.2: 1 point Ground loop eliminates need to operate cooling tower for much of the year, even when heat is not needed in facility. Fluid coolers run dry much of the time to reduce water consumption. Heat from loop is rejected at night taking advantage of cooler temperatures * Source: Massachusetts Water Resources Authority http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/04water/html/bullet4.htm www.cnegeo.co.kr

  26. System Schematic Ice surface Floor heat Hot water preheat Buffer 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps Make up water preheat Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  27. System Schematic – Ice Surface is Heat Source Ice surface Floor heat Make up water preheat Buffer Heat pump boosts water temperature 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps Ice surface is primary heat source. Control of ice temperature is critical Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  28. System Schematic – Buffer is Heat Source Ice surface Floor heat Make up water preheat Buffer Heat pump boosts water temperature 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps Buffer is secondary heat source. Buffer is chilled at off-peak hours for refrigeration next day Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  29. System Schematic – Earth Loop is Heat Source Ice surface Floor heat Make up water preheat Buffer Heat pump boosts water temperature 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps When ice temperature is satisfied & buffer temp. is low, earth loop is heat source if needed Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  30. System Schematic – Rest of Building is Heat Source Ice surface Floor heat Make up water preheat Buffer Heat pump boosts water temperature 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building Forced air heat pumps act independently to heat and cool parts of building as needed Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  31. System Schematic – Floor Heat is Heat Sink Ice surface Floor heat Make up water preheat Buffer Heat pump boosts water temperature 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building Floor heat is primary heat sink when ice surface or buffer are being chilled. Earth loop is alternate heat source when needed. Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building

  32. System Schematic – Building is Heat Sink Ice surface Floor heat Make up water preheat Buffer Heat pump boosts water temperature 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building Forced air heat pumps act independently to heat and cool parts of building as needed Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  33. System Schematic – SHW is Heat Sink Ice surface Floor heat Make up water preheat Buffer Heat pump boosts water temperature 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building SHW is preheated by refrigeration heat pumps and temperature is increased by water-water heat pump Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building

  34. System Schematic – Earth Loop is Heat Sink Ice surface Floor heat Make up water preheat Buffer Heat pump boosts water temperature 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building Earth loop is secondary heat sink when building is satisfied Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  35. System Schematic – Fluid Cooler is Heat Sink Ice surface Floor heat Make up water preheat Buffer Heat pump boosts water temperature 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building Evaporative fluid cooler is “back-up” heat sink when earth loop temperature increases Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  36. System Schematic – Other Building is Heat Sink Ice surface Floor heat Make up water preheat Buffer Heat pump boosts water temperature 4 pairs low-temperature water-to-water heat pumps Evaporative fluid cooler Forced air heat pumps throughout building Adjacent SAERC Building provides additional useful heat sink when connected to system Horizontal earth loop Future connection to SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  37. Site Plan With Horizontal Loop Civic Centre & ice rink Future connection to pool mechanical room in SAERC building 500’ (150 m) SAERC Building 165’ (50 m) www.cnegeo.co.kr

  38. Horizontal Loop Location Beneath Parking Area SAERC Building Civic Centre www.cnegeo.co.kr

  39. Horizontal Earth Loop Excavation SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  40. Horizontal Earth Loop – Leveling Base SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  41. Horizontal Earth Loop – Connection to Building Loop “sleeve” into Civic Centre mechanical room www.cnegeo.co.kr

  42. Weeping Tiles Under Horizontal Earth Loop Stormwater Management SS Credit 6.1: 1 point Roof water drained through weeping tile to keep loopfield moist, increase loop capacity www.cnegeo.co.kr

  43. Horizontal Earth Loop – Under Paved Parking SAERC Building www.cnegeo.co.kr

  44. Loop Connection to Building 80 1” (25mm) circuits of HDPE pipe enter sleeve into building below grade and connect to fusion welded HDPE header with compression fitting valves www.cnegeo.co.kr

  45. Earth Loop Benefits • Provide short term & seasonal energy storage • Heat that can’t be used is stored in loop • Heat source for system when ice satisfied • Reduces or eliminates use of evaporative fluid cooler • Lowers electrical demand and consumption • Reduces water consumption • Fluid cooler is used when outdoor air is cooler www.cnegeo.co.kr

  46. Evaporative Fluid Cooler Evaporative fluid coolers prevent loop temperature from climbing too high during peak summer use from ice making and air conditioning load. www.cnegeo.co.kr

  47. The Rink Floor – Primary Heat Source Eliminating header at end of ice surface eliminates frozen corners outside the rink boards The piping in the rink floor serves as the primary heat source for the heat pumps. www.cnegeo.co.kr

  48. Thermal Storage Buffer – Secondary Heat Source Thermal storage buffer Innovation in Design (Thermal storage buffer) ID Credit 1.1: 1 point Ice & thermal storage buffer are heat source for building and domestic hot water. Buffer provides additional refrigeration during peak and provides a heat source for heat pumps at night when ice is not being used.

  49. Thermal Storage Buffer Piping The “thermal storage buffer” is sub-cooled during off-peak hours. This provides a significant portion of the refrigeration required when the ice is heavily used. Heat taken from the “buffer” is used for space heating and producing hot water.

  50. Thermal Storage Buffer Benefits • Stores up to several hundred ton-hours of refrigeration • Reduces peak refrigeration demand • Holds ice during power outage • Mass maintains constant ice temperature • Reduces pumping power (60-70%) • Reduces refrigeration load • Simultaneous cooling & heating doubles system COP (chill buffer at off-peak times & transfer heat to building) www.cnegeo.co.kr

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