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Marine Mammals

Marine Mammals. Marine mammals. Land-dwelling __________ Warm-blooded Breathe _______ Hair/fur Bear _______________ ____________ glands for milk They all have _____ ear bones. Other Interesting characteristics. Most of them have different kinds of _________ ____chambered hearts.

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Marine Mammals

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  1. Marine Mammals

  2. Marine mammals • Land-dwelling __________ • Warm-blooded • Breathe _______ • Hair/fur • Bear _______________ • ____________ glands for milk • They all have _____ ear bones.

  3. Other Interestingcharacteristics • Most of them have different kinds of _________ • ____chambered hearts. • highly developed _____.

  4. Where Do they live? • All over the _________ • They migrate often based on seasons, _________ and _________cycles. • Some live in the Arctic (________Bears) • Some live along the Pacific Coast (___________) • Some live in the West Indies (_____________)

  5. How Do they survive? • thermoregulation- adaptation to the water. • _______- stores fat and energy. • _______ traps a layer of air next to the skin to keep it dry. • Vasodilation- controls body temperature by controlling _____________________.

  6. Three Categories ofMarine Mammals • _____________ • _____________ • _____________

  7. Carnivora This order consists of: • Seals • ______ Lions • Walruses • _______Bears • Sea _________

  8. Carnivora • Order Carnivora • Prominent _____________ • Sea otters • Polar bears • __________ (large skin covered flippers) • Walruses • Seals • Sea lions • Fur seals

  9. Figure 9.09b

  10. California Sea Lion

  11. Harems Stellar Sea Lions in “A” are the largest of the eared seals with males nearly 1 ton!In “B” a harem of California Sea Lions on Santa Barbara Island in S.Cal. The larger Elephant Seals are in the top of the picture.

  12. “I am the Walrus”

  13. ________________ • Manatees • Dugongs

  14. Sirenia (Sea Cows) • _________-like ancestors • ______ivores • Manatees • Coastal areas of tropical _______ Ocean • Dugongs • Coastal areas of Indian and western ________ Oceans Slow, injured by boats

  15. Figure 9.13

  16. Cetacea • Order Cetacea • _________, _______ _______________ • Stream-lined bodies for fast swimming • Specialized skin structure for fast swimming

  17. Cetacea

  18. Cetacea • Adaptations for ________ diving • Use oxygen efficiently • Absorb _____ of oxygen inhaled (lots of ________) • Store large quantities of _____ (lots of _____globin) • _______ oxygen required for ____________ organs • Dive 10 min (dolphin) to 2 hours (Sperm Whale) • Muscles ________ to buildup of carbon ______ • Collapsible __________

  19. Cetacea • Suborder Odontoceti (___________) • Dolphins, porpoises, _____________, sperm whale • _____________ to determine distance and direction and size of objects

  20. Cetacea Suborder Mysticeti • ___________whales, _______ than toothed whales • Blue whale, finback whale, humpback whale, gray whale, right whale • Fibrous plates of baleen ________ prey items • Eat ________ on food chain, krill,, zooplankton, etc • Vocalized sounds for various purposes, ____ frequency communications, travel ______ (50 km) distances

  21. Figure 9.19b

  22. Cetaceans swim with strong _____________ Key facts (differ between species): average life span: _________ years gestation: __________ months calving: can occur every 2 to 5 years, one calf at a time size: "typical" dolphins are about _____ long and weigh ______

  23. What Is The Difference Between A Dolphin And A Porpoise? • I heard this question asked, on Johnny Carson. And, Johnny decided that a dolphin was a _________, and a porpoise was a ________. • Answer: ________. • They are both ___________, and are very closely related. • The porpoises have a ______head, while the dolphins have a ________snout. They are smaller members of the toothed whale family

  24. Dolphins • Teeth are ______shaped, and top and bottom teeth interlock. • _____-shaped head with a beak. • They have a _______ fin.  • There are ____species of dolphin, including bottlenose dolphin, Risso's dolphin, false killer whale, Pacific whitesided dolphin, orca (killer whale), longfinned pilot whale, shortfinned pilot whale, and Irrawaddy dolphin.

  25. Porpoises • Porpoises have _____heads and small spade- shaped teeth. • No _______ and melon- shaped foreheads   • Usually ________ than dolphins • Porpoise species include the Harbor, Gulf of California, Burmeister's, Spectacled, Finless and Dall's porpoises.

  26. Why are dolphins affected by tuna fisheries? Yellow-fin tuna often school ________ large herds of spotted dolphins in the eastern Pacific Ocean. They both are feeding on surface-dwelling _____, _______ and flying fish. When fishing nets are set beneath the dolphins to surround the tuna, ________ and other _____-catch also get tangled in the nets and die. Public pressure surrounding this controversial issue has prompted a ___percent reduction of dolphin by-catch in the last seven years. Dolphins are only affected by the yellow-fin tuna fishery. _______ tuna do not associate with dolphins.

  27. Net tough on dolphins! Since 1990 the 3 top tuna packers agreed to not buy tuna from dolphin killing suppliersThis net has now been changed so that dolphins are not harmed by US fisherman.

  28. Drift net tough on dolphins!

  29. Two other fishing style “nets”

  30. The Mermaid Cares Chicken of the Sea® implemented "The Mermaid Cares" dolphin-safe policy in April _______ and is among the industry's leaders in implementing programs to prevent accidental ________ mortality. _____ tuna purchased, processed and sold by Chicken of the Sea is dolphin-safe... period! There is ___ flexibility in our policy. All the suppliers of our raw tuna and all suppliers of finished goods must be _____% dolphin-safe. None of the tuna we purchase is caught in association with dolphins. Our commitment to help solve the dolphin mortality problem has been long-standing, and we at Chicken of the Sea can truly say, "The Mermaid Cares".

  31. Dolphin Echolocation

  32. Blue Whale Anatomy

  33. A dolphin giving “live” birth Viviparous = Live Birth

  34. "Walking Dinosaur" fossil Found in 1994 in Pakistan from around 49 million years ago – It’s a whale of a tale!

  35. Figure 9.31

  36. Table 9.02

  37. Strandings • Strandings may be small-scale events involving single animals, or larger-scale events involving dozens of animals ("mass stranding"). • Strandings may be routine, caused by commonly seen injuries or diseases, or extraordinary, caused by less common circumstances ("unusual mortality event"). • Statistics of strandings

  38. Which whales eat only large zooplankton? Which whale eats invertebrates near the ocean floor? Which whale eats large squid? Which whales eat pelagic fishes?

  39. Figure 9.27a Beluga Whale A white Arctic whale with a conspicuous melon to focus the outgoing sound waves.

  40. Whale Behavior Sperm whales surrounding an injured member of a pod

  41. Whale Behavior Spying Behavior of Killer Whales

  42. Dolphin Behavior Dolphins seen carrying aninjured Dolphin to the surfaceto breathe.

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