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Literary Review: Achievement Gaps – Race as an Issue

Literary Review: Achievement Gaps – Race as an Issue. Benjamin Walker, MA Essentials of Economics BUSN502 Drexel University. Ideas!. Achievement Gap Defined.

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Literary Review: Achievement Gaps – Race as an Issue

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  1. Literary Review: Achievement Gaps – Race as an Issue Benjamin Walker, MA Essentials of Economics BUSN502 Drexel University

  2. Ideas!

  3. Achievement Gap Defined • "The achievement gap is a persistent, pervasive and significant disparity in educational achievement and attainment among groups of students as determined by a standardized measure. When analyzed according to race and ethnicity, achievement disparities negatively impact educational outcomes for poor children and children of color on a consistent basis“ (Public Schools of North Carolina). • “Predicated on race and class divisions, the achievement gap is part of a larger legacy that intertwines individual and family resources with school quality, social capital, and educational opportunity. While some researchers have blamed schools for disparities in educational outcomes, others have focused on the failure of families to adequately prepare youth for the educational challenges that lie ahead” (Williams Institute, 2006). Public Schools of North Carolina. (2010). Raising Achievement and Closing Gaps. Retrieved from http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/racg/resources/strategies/movement/definition The Williams Institute. (2006). The Academic Achievement Gap. Retrieved from: http://www.thewilliamsinstitute.org/Portals/10/Education/Academic%20 Achievement%20Gap.pdf

  4. What is the cause of this so called achievement gap??? Low Income Families Poverty Lack of Educational Resources in the Home Unstable Family Structure Give Well. (2010). Discussion of the U.S. Achievement Gap. Retrieved from http://www.givewell.net/united-states/education/achievement-gap

  5. VS Facts Factors should be weighed before a judgment call can be made! biased standardized tests tests that do not match the learning styles of all students less money spent on educating minority students socioeconomic differences lack of motivation negative peer pressure lack of family support for education teacher biases and many other possibilities Singham, M. (2003). The Achievement Gap: Myths and Reality. Phi Delta Kappan, 84(8), 586. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database.

  6. Myth debunked in 1990 Pittsburgh school district between blacks, whites, and other minority students. Mathematic scores showed a tremendous decrease in the achievement gap due to a reformed curriculum and a focus on improving the educational achievement of all students. Singham, M. (2003). The Achievement Gap: Myths and Reality. Phi Delta Kappan, 84(8), 586. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database.

  7. Closing the Gap The National Assessment of Educational Progress. (2007). Achievement Gaps. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/studies/gaps/

  8. The Prescription For Closing the Gap

  9. NCLB Crumbles… “The intention of the Act was good, but due to the cumbersome laws that were made applicable to all school districts, the laws failed to address the unequal educational resources as compared to wealthy schools and poor schools” (Darling-Hammond, 2007). “Under the NCLB law, it forces schools to improve the quality of their test scores, but ignores the resources needed to meet the requirement” (Darling-Hammond, 2007). Darling-Hammond, L. (September 2007). Race Ethnicity and Education.Vol. 10, No. 3. doi:  10.1080/13613320701503207

  10. Luther Burbank Middle School, San Francisco, CA. text books shared by students in class photo copies of text made for students to do their homework without clear instructions overcrowded classrooms of 30 or more students non-emergency credentialed teachers teachers employed less than one year poor quality in building maintenance and facilities Wealthy Schools Per Student - $30,000 vs. Poor Schools Per Student - $3,000 More investment is needed to close the gap in the poorer schools. Darling-Hammond, L. (September 2007). Race Ethnicity and Education.Vol. 10, No. 3. doi:  10.1080/13613320701503207

  11. Economic Impact “If the United States had closed the racial achievement gap and black and Latino student performance had caught up with that of white students by 1998, GDP in 2008 would have been between $310 billion and $525 billion higher, or roughly 2 to 4 percent of GDP. The magnitude of this effect will rise in the years ahead as blacks and Latinos become a larger proportion of the population” (McKinsey & Company). “By underutilizing such a large proportion of the country’s human potential, the US economy is less rich in skills than it could be” (McKinsey & Company). McKinsey & Company .(2010). The Economic Impact of the Achievement Gap in Americas Schools. Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/Social_Sector/our_practices/ Education/Knowledge_Highlights/Economic_impact.aspx

  12. Close the GAP!!!! "To increase the achievement levels of minority and low-income students, we need to focus on what really matters; high standards, a challenging curriculum, and good teachers" (Haycock, 2001). Four Concepts Standards need to be set and met All students must have challenging curriculum Students need extra help Teachers matter a lot Edtrust Haycock, K. (2001) Closing the Educational Gap. Retrieved from: http://www.leadersroundtable.org/site/images/stories/Homework/closing%20the%20gap. pdf

  13. What does CA have to say? SuperintendentJack O'Connell • Direct the P-16 Council to develop a comprehensive plan to close the gap • Convene a statewide focus on closing the gap • Work with leaders in higher education to prepare new teachers for the classroom to meet needs of California’s diverse student population

  14. Wrap UP

  15. What are your………

  16. References Darling-Hammond, L. (September 2007). Race Ethnicity and Education.Vol. 10, No. 3. doi: 10.1080/13613320701503207 Editorial Projects in Education, Research Center. (2004). Achievement Gaps. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/rc/issues/achievement-gap/ Give Well. (2010). Discussion of the U.S. Achievement Gap. Retrieved from http://www.givewell.net/united-states/education/achievement-gap Haycock, K. (2001) Closing the Educational Gap. Retrieved from: http://www.leadersroundtable.org/site/images/stories/Homework/closing%20the%20gap. pdf McKinsey & Company .(2010). The Economic Impact of the Achievement Gap in Americas Schools. Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/Social_Sector/our_practices/ Education/Knowledge_Highlights/Economic_impact.aspx Public Schools of North Carolina. (2010). Raising Achievement and Closing Gaps. Retrieved   from http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/racg/resources/strategies/movement/definition Singham, M. (2003). The Achievement Gap: Myths and Reality. Phi Delta Kappan, 84(8), 586. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. The Educational Research Service (ERS). (2001).What can Schools do To Reduce the Achievement Gap?.Retrieved from: http://www.ers.org/otsp/otsp3.htm

  17. References Continued The National Assessment of Educational Progress. (2007). Achievement Gaps. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/studies/gaps/ The Williams Institute. (2006). The Academic Achievement Gap. Retrieved from: http://www.thewilliamsinstitute.org/Portals/10/Education/Academic%2 0Achievement%20Gap.pdf

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