Oral Health/Hand Washing

1. Oral Health/Hand Washing Train The Trainer KENYA , 2019

2. ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION • Objectives: • Learn and appreciate the importance of the oral cavity and take care of it • Discuss the development of the teeth and infant oral mutilation • Discuss common dental diseases/conditions and preventive measures • Create awareness on proper tooth brushing techniques using fluoridated toothpaste • Demonstrate proper brushing to instill the habit in children • Learn and appreciate the importance of hand washing with soap

3. Why Oral Health? • The mouth is the gateway to our bodies • A human being =accumulation of food Time • We are what we eat. • Research shows that all Kenyan adults have at least one dental problem • Human health to a greater % is depended on the mouth.

4. The Mouth (Oral Cavity) • Inside the mouth we have: • the teeth, • gums • tongue • the palate • the alveolar • the saliva and the bacteria both good and bad.

5. The Development and the Growth of Teeth. • Teeth start developing in the mouth in the intrauterine stage from 6 to 8weeks after conception. • When the baby is born it appears to have no teeth but they are hidden inside the gums. • They grow as the baby grows and from 5/6months onwards teeth start appearing in the mouth. (Cutting the gum) These are the incisors or the front teeth.

6. Primary/milk/temporary teeth (Deciduous Teeth). • Between six months and half years to 3 years the baby has its first set of 20 teeth, known as Primary/milk/temporary teeth (Deciduous Teeth).

7. Primary/milk/temporary teeth (Deciduous Teeth). These are;- • 8 incisors ( 4 on the lower jaw (Mandible) and 4 on the upper jaw (Maxilla) • 4 canines (one at each corner of the mouth) • 8 milk molars ( 2 on each side of the mouth)

8. The loss of Primary Teeth • The loss of these teeth varies from child to child but the average age range from 5 years old. • The first teeth to be shed are the front ones (incisors) followed by the others. By the 12th year all milk teeth is lost and are replaced by the permanent teeth. Early loss of milk teeth can cause crooked teeth. • It is important to note that a child also gets the permanent teeth at this time.

9. The Permanent Teeth, The first permanent teeth appear in the mouth at age 6. These are the first permanent molar teeth (No. 6 on the Dental Chart). Permanent teeth replace the 20 milk teeth and plus 12 more. • 8 incisors • 4 canines • 8 premolars (these replace the milk molars) • 12 Molars (including the last ones – the wisdom teeth)

10. How many teeth do you have? How often do you change your toothbrush? How often do you brush your teeth? How often do you visit a dentist for a check up and cleaning? MAIN QUESTION????

13. Permanent dentition

14. Importance/Functions of Teeth. • Eating (mastication) • Talking/speech (phonology) • Beauty (Aesthetics) all the teeth in the mouth • Good smiles also help to reduce one’s aging looks • The teeth also help in the development of the face • Milk teeth also keep or maintain the space that is later used by the permanent teeth. Their earlier loss leads to crooked or maligned teeth

16. Gum diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) Dental Caries Dental abscess 4. Crooked teeth/ Malocclusion 5. Fluorosis 6. Impacted tooth DENTAL DISEASES

17. Gums Def; is a fibrous tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth. In between the gums and the teeth theirs are ligaments called periodontal ligaments which supports the teeth and the gum (pockets). Healthy gums are usually dark or pink in color (for the Africans) and pink for the rest.

18. A Healthy Gum

20. GUM DISEASE • This disease affects the parts surrounding and supporting the teeth, starting with the gum • Forms as food accumulates in the pockets without being removed, builds a layer called plaque which builds to calculus • The disease has two stages First stage: The gum appears swollen, is reddish along the neck of the tooth, forms extrinsic stains. This stage is also known as gingivitis. 2nd stage:( EarlyPeriodontitis) Gum is swollen, bleed easily when touched, and recede from the gum line/neck of the tooth, sensitivity Loss of the tooth support. diseases are .

21. cont • Stage 3( Advanced periodontitis) • Too much gum recession, and tooth exposure • Teeth become mobile (loose) and finally fall off. • Halitosis • Pus can also be seen when the gums are squeezedP

23. Gingivitis (gum inflammation) Early periodontitis (Some loss of tooth support) Advanced periodontitis (Severe loss of tooth support)

24. Gingivitis stage 1

26. Gingivitis(stage 2)

28. Advanced periodontits

31. . TREATMENT Full mouth scaling 2.Before treatment and after fms followed by antibiotic therapy, analgesics and mouthwash.

32. 2) Dental floss 3) Using mouthwash

33. Dental Caries/Cavities • This disease is that attacks the tooth structure its caused by bacteria in the mouth and the sugary sticky starchy foods left in the mouth for long. • (Bacteria) produces acid which causes the rotting of the tooth enamel which progresses to form holes. • Bacteria + food + saliva= plaque (white film) that produce acids that dissolve a tooth to create holes • It is important to visit the dentist for check-ups even when one is not in pain. The holes can be filled and the tooth remains functional

34. Mechanics of Caries formation = + Bacteria Food Acid + + = Acid Tooth Right Temperature Caries

35. Dental caries

36. TOOTH DECAY PROGRESSION

37. TYPES OF CARIES Occlusal Interdentally cervical

38. TREATMENT OPTIONS Before and after photos of dental filling

39. Root canal treatment

40. Extraction is destruction ( dawa ya meno ni kungoa is an African mentality • CONSEQUENCES OF TOOTH EXTRACTION • Supra eruption of the opposite teeth • Risk of the neighboring teeth being carious • Mesial drift • Bone relapses> one looses Shape and grows old compared to their age.

42. SOLUTIONS • Dentures • Bridge • Crowns • Implants

43. DENTAL ABSCESSES • An abscess is a pocket of pus that forms around the root of an infected tooth/or infected gum. Anyone, from children to the elderly, can get one.

44. DENTAL CONDITIONS 1. Halitosis (Foul/bad breathe) The main causes are:- • Food particles//plaque, gum disease, rotten teeth, due to poor oral hygiene • Diet (spicy foods) • Ones habit e. g. smoking. • Gastro-intestinal problems e.g. stomach ulcers

45. Staining • This is the discoloration of teeth. Normal teeth color is cream white. • Causes can be: 1. Intrinsic (within the body itself e.g. the effect of some drugs such as oral tetracycline, fluoride , trauma etc 2. Extrinsic (from outside the body) e.g. foods, smoking

46. FLUOROSIS • Dental fluorosis, also called mottling of tooth enamel, is a developmental disturbance of dental enamel caused by excessive exposure to high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development. • Fluorosis in kenya is common in; • Rift valley i.e Nakuru, Naivasha,Baringo,Turkana and others. • Central; parts of kiambu,murang’a.

47. fluorosis

48. Crooked teeth/Crowding Causes: • Genetic-from parents to offspring. • Size of jaws. • Size of teeth. • Anomalies of teeth. • Delayed eruptions. • Earlier loss of teeth or retained teeth • Thumb sucking in early childhood. • Abnormally shaped or impacted teeth

49. RESULTS OF CROOKED TEETH • Poor functioning of the mouth • Low self esteem, • Alteration of appearance of face, • Biting of cheeks • Problems in eating/chewing, • Discomfort when there is speech problems, • Breathing problems. • Withdrawal • Stigmatization

50. Crooked teeth