Understanding the Muscular System: Tissue, Actions, Major Muscles

2. The Muscular System 5 Lesson 5.1: Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions Lesson 5.2: Skeletal Muscle Actions Lesson 5.3: The Major Skeletal Muscles Lesson 5.4: Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles

3. Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.1 Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions

4. Muscle Tissue • categories • skeletal • smooth • cardiac • functions • behavioral properties • tension and types of skeletal muscle contractions

5. Muscle Tissue Categories • skeletal • voluntary • striated • smooth • involuntary • no striations • cardiac • involuntary • striated • intercalated disks

6. Muscle Tissue Categories

7. Skeletal Muscle Organization • sarcolemma and endomysium surrounds the muscle fiber • perimysium bundles groups of muscle fibers to make up a fascicle • epimysium encloses several fascicles to make up a muscle • aponeurosis connects muscle to other tissues

8. Skeletal Muscle Organization

9. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Smooth muscle is voluntary. 2. Cardiac muscle has branching fibers. 3. Smooth muscle is multinucleate. 4. Perimysium wraps fascicles to make a muscle. 5. Endomysium surrounds the muscle fibers.

10. Behavioral Properties of Muscle • extensibility–stretch • elasticity–snap back • irritability–respond • contractility–shorten

11. Muscle Tissue Functions • tension and types of skeletal muscle contraction • agonist–moves bone • antagonist–opposes the movement of the agonist

12. Concentric Contraction • agonist contracts, antagonist relaxes

13. Eccentric Contraction • agonist contracts while lengthening, antagonist relaxes

14. Isometric Contraction • both agonist and antagonist contract

15. Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–5 below: extensibility, elasticity, irritability, contractility, agonist, antagonist. 1. respond 2. opposes movement 3. stretch 4. shorten 5. causes movement

16. Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.2 Skeletal Muscle Actions

17. Skeletal Muscle • the motor unit • skeletal fiber types • muscular strength, power, and endurance

18. The Motor Unit • group of muscle fibers under the control of one motor neuron

19. Generating Action Potentials • acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction • depolarization takes place on muscle fiber • action potential begins

20. Contraction of the Sarcomeres • sarcomeres shorten by actin filaments sliding along myosin filaments

21. Maximum Tension and Return to Relaxation • action potential always causes entire motor unit muscle fibers to contract • all-or-none law

22. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. An action potential causes one half of the fibers in the motor unit to contract. 2. Acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction. 3. The sarcomeres lengthen by myosin filaments sliding over actin filaments.

23. Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types • slow-twitch • fast-twitch • type IIa • type IIb

24. Skeletal Muscle Fiber Architecture • parallel fiber arrangements • fusiform • bundled • triangular • pennate fiber arrangements • unipennate • bipennate • multipennate

25. Muscular Strength • rotary force that muscles can produce at a joint • the maximum weight you can lift is a measurement of muscular strength

26. Muscle Power • force x velocity • how fast you can sprint is a measurement of muscle power

27. Muscle Endurance • muscle tension/time • how far you can run is a measurement of muscle endurance

28. Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–5 below: muscle endurance, muscular strength, muscle power, Type I, Type IIb. 1. force x velocity 2. muscle tension/time 3. rotary force that muscles can produce at a joint 4. slow twitch, slow fatigue 5. fast twitch, fast fatigue

29. Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.3 The Major Skeletal Muscles

30. The Major Skeletal Muscles • directional motions • head and neck muscles • trunk muscles • upper limb muscles • lower limb muscles

31. Skeletal Muscle Attachments • origin • fixed end of a muscle • insertion • movable end of a muscle

32. Sagittal Plane Movements • flexion • extension • hyperextension • dorsiflexion • plantar flexion

33. Frontal Plane Movements • abduction • adduction • inversion • eversion • radial deviation • ulnar deviation

34. Transverse Plane Movements • medial rotation • lateral rotation • pronation • supination

35. Multiplanar Movements • circumduction • opposition

36. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Circumduction is a multiple plane movement. 2. Supination is a multiple plane movement. 3. The insertion is the fixed end of a muscle. 4. Extension is a sagittal plane movement. 5. Adduction is a frontal plane movement.

37. Head and Neck Muscles

38. Trunk Muscles

39. Upper Limb Muscles

40. Lower Limb Muscles

41. Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: head, trunk, upper limb, lower limb. 1. temporalis 2. brachioradialis 3. external oblique 4. biceps femoris

42. Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.4 Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles

43. Muscle Injuries • strain–overstretched muscle • grade I, II, III • contusion–bruised muscle • myositis ossificans • cramps–spasming muscle • delayed onset muscle soreness–tear

44. Tendon Injuries • tendinitis–inflamed tendon • tendinosis–degeneration of a tendon Val Thoermer/Shutterstock.com

45. Joint Injuries • rotational injury at shoulder • overuse of elbow • shin splints • whiplash

46. Muscle Disorders • muscular dystrophy • hernia

47. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Tendinitis is muscle strain. 2. A contusion is a bruise. 3. Whiplash is a joint injury. 4. A hernia is a tendon injury. 5. A strain is an over stretch of a tendon.