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TAKS Review Objective 4

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TAKS Review Objective 4

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    1. TAKS Review Objective 4 Matter and Change

    3. Names of Compounds – Ionic Ionic compounds consist of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions). A Roman numeral in parentheses, preceded by the name of the element, is used for elements that can form more than one positive ion. This is usually seen with metals. Fe2+ Iron (II) Cu+ Copper (I) Fe3+ Iron (III) Cu2+ Copper (II)

    4. Ionic compounds – naming cont. The -ide ending is added to the name of a single element when it becomes an ion of that element. Oxide, Nitride, Sulfide etc. Some polyatomic anions have a names ending in -ite for the lower # of oxygens and –ate for more oxygens. NO2 nitrite NO3 nitrate

    5. Your turn! For each pair, write the name of the formula Copper +1 and sulfur Magnesium and oxygen Zinc and chlorine Iron +3 and SO4 Calcium and PO4 Copper (I) sulfide Magnesium oxide Zinc chloride Iron (III) sulfate Calcium phosphate

    6. Covalent Compounds – Names are the Formulas These are nonmetal to nonmetal compounds. The name tells you the formula. Carbon dioxide 1 C and 2 O CO2

    7. Special Names of Compounds Acids and Bases Bases end in the hydroxide anion OH- They are named with the metal and hydroxide. NaOH is sodium hydroxide Acids that are two elements are named Hydro-nonmetal –ic Acid such as HCl hydrochloric acid Group -ate becomes –ic and -ite becomes –ous. H2SO3 sulfurous acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid

    8. Name the acids and bases: HCl H2SO4 NaOH HC2H3O2 Ca(OH)2 Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Sodium hydroxide Acetic acid Calcium hydroxide

    10. What doesn’t matter to the test? A The amount of vitamin C in each tablet This should be a controlled variable! B The severity of the patients’ cold symptoms This would be very hard to control, but a large experimental group should allow for differences C The chemical formula for vitamin C Since compound formulas NEVER change this would not matter, it is irrelevant!!! D The amount of time before symptoms improve This is what we are testing, it is most relevant.

    11. Compound Formulas The formula is the smallest ratio of the elements in that compound. It does not change. To write the formula, the total of the charges on the two elements or ions must equal zero. Compounds have no charge. Hydrogen = 1+ Oxygen = 2- How many Hydrogens are needed to add to an oxygen, to balance the charge to zero? H2O 2(1+) + 2- = 0

    12. Writing Formulas Look up the symbols of the elements and determine the charge that they will take. Positive ions (ca+ions) are always written in the first position. Metals are cations and usually non-metals are anions. Switch the places of the numbers and remove the charges when you write them as subscripts in the formula.

    13. Your turn. Get one of each dice! Write and Roll the dice. One cube has positives which will be written first. The other cube is your negative ion and will be written second. The charge is on the dice, switch the places, and do not write a number for 1. Remove the charges and write them as subscripts. This is the formula. ALSO, write the name.

    14. Polyatomic Ions When you have groups, do not change the group, put it in parenthesis and the number outside. Anytime there are more than two capital letters, IT IS A GROUP!!!

    15. Now try this one. . .

    16. Let’s see, Group 2 and Group 16 . . The charge on Group 2 is what? 2+ The charge on Group 16 is what? 2- Add them together and you get? Zero!! So the Answer would be B. Group 2 has 2 valence electrons (remember Monday) that it gives away to become 2+, and since Group 16 WANTS 2 electrons, they make 1:1 ratio compounds.

    17. See if you can answer . . . 1. According to this information, what is the chemical formula for aluminum sulfate? A AlSO4 B Al2(SO4)3 C Al3(SO4)2 D Al6SO4

    18. 2. The chemical formula for calcium chloride is — F Ca2Cl G CaCl H CaCl2 J Ca2Cl3

    19. 3. The elements from which of the following groups are most likely to react with potassium (K)? F Group 2 G Group 7 H Group 13 J Group 17

    20. 4. The model above shows how an unidentified element, X, forms covalent bonds with oxygen. In which group on the periodic table does Element X most likely belong? F Group 6 G Group 12 H Group 14 J Group 18

    21. 5. The bonding characteristics of oxygen are most similar to the bonding characteristics of — A silicon B helium C sulfur D hydrogen

    22. And the answers are: B H J H C

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