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Why people care

Why people care. Classic: "text understanding" Information extraction, information retrieval, summarization…. What influences pronoun resolution?. Syntax Semantics/world knowledge. Why syntax matters. John kicked Bill. Mary told him to go home.

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Why people care

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  1. Why people care • Classic: "text understanding" • Information extraction, information retrieval, summarization…

  2. What influences pronoun resolution? • Syntax • Semantics/world knowledge

  3. Why syntax matters • John kicked Bill. Mary told him to go home. • Bill was kicked by John. Mary told him to go home. • John kicked Bill. Mary punched him.

  4. Why syntax matters • John kicked Bill. Mary told him to go home. • Bill was kicked by John. Mary told him to go home. • John kicked Bill. Mary punched him. John

  5. Why syntax matters • John kicked Bill. Mary told him to go home. • Bill was kicked by John. Mary told him to go home. • John kicked Bill. Mary punched him. Bill

  6. Why syntax matters • John kicked Bill. Mary told him to go home. • Bill was kicked by John. Mary told him to go home. • John kicked Bill. Mary punched him. Bill

  7. Why syntax matters • John kicked Bill. Mary told him to go home. • Bill was kicked by John. Mary told him to go home. • John kicked Bill. Mary punched him. Grammatical role hierarchy

  8. Why syntax matters • John kicked Bill. Mary told him to go home. • Bill was kicked by John. Mary told him to go home. • John kicked Bill. Mary punched him. Grammatical role parallelism

  9. Why semantics matters The city council denied the demonstrators a permit because they {feared|advocated} violence.

  10. Why semantics matters The city council denied the demonstrators a permit because they {feared|advocated} violence.

  11. Why semantics matters The city council denied the demonstrators a permit because they {feared|advocated} violence.

  12. Why knowledge matters • John hit Bill. He was severely injured.

  13. Margaret Thatcher admires Hillary Clinton, and George W. Bush absolutely worships her. Why Knowledge Matters

  14. A search-based solution • Hobbs 1978: Resolving pronoun references

  15. Hobbs 1978 • Assessment of difficulty of problem • Incidence of the phenomenon • A simple algorithm that has become a baseline

  16. Hobbs’s point …the naïve approach is quite good. Computationally speaking, it will be a long time before a semantically based algorithm is sophisticated enough to perform as well, and these results set a very high standard for any other approach to aim for.

  17. Hobbs’s point Yet there is every reason to pursue a semantically based approach. The naïve algorithm does not work. Any one can think of examples where it fails. In these cases it not only fails; it gives no indication that it has failed and offers no help in finding the real antecedent. (p. 345)

  18. A parse tree

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