Design, construction and control of an electric train circuit

1. United Arab Emirates University College of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department Design, construction and control of an electric train circuit Group Members: Adra Mohammed Rawan Ibrahim Maitha Saeed Osha Saeed Faculty Supervisor :Prof. Hassan Noura • 200303420 • 200337340 • 200303266 • 200303277

2. Outline • Project Description • Electric train • PLC • Sensor • Ladder Diagram • Conclusion

3. Introduction • Designing, constructing and controlling an electric train circuit: • two paths for two electric trains • A common section with detectors • The objective of building this system is to use it in electrical control lab

4. Project design

5. Project components: • Two trains with tracks • Common section • PLC • Sensor: read switch

6. Types Of Trains Scale • There are different types of train scales depend on the size: • G scale • O scale • HO scale • N scale

7. G Scale • “G” derives from “garden” • The largest one • Scale ratio: 1:23 • Manufacturers • Bachmann • Aristo Craft • USA Trains

8. O Scale • Scaleratio:1:48 • Bigger than the HO • Manufacturers • Bachmann • K-Line • Lionel

9. HO Scale • This is the most popular model railway scale in the world. The name is derived from "Half O“ • Scale ratio:1:87 • Manufacturers • Bachmann • Life-Line • Athearn

10. N Scale • Name derived from Nine millimeter; this is the second most popular scale worldwide • The Smallest size of trains • Scale ratio:1:160 • Manufacturers • Bachmann • Life-Line • Athearn • Atlas

11. Selected electric train design

12. Power supply of the train • The train has the power from the track, 12 V DC with 1 Amp power supply is connected for the track to give the train the enough power to move

13. Circuit of controlling the train • one relay with two contacts is used to supply the power for the train or prevent the power according to the signal of the sensors. Relay with two contacts

14. Common section The right and left common section are used to control the direction of the train from one track to another. To control the common section, Tow relays are used for the switch of each common section. Right common section Left common section

15. common section circuit:

16. PCB layout The PCB with components

17. The circuit of controlling the common section

18. Programmable Logic Controller • PLC is defined (by NEMA) as: • digitally operating electronic apparatus • uses a programmable memory • for the internal storage of instructions • for implementing specific functions • Ex: logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic • to control through digital or analog input/output

19. Programmable Logic Controller WHICH IS A DIGITAL ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT MEETS THE FOLLOWING THREE CRITERIA: • It has a programmable memory, in which instruction can be stored. • The instructions stored in the memory are used to implement various functions, such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting, and arithmetical functions. • The various functions are used to control machines or processes.

20. PLC controller components • Central Processing Unit • Memory • Power Supply • Analog/Digital Inputs • Analog/Digital Outputs

21. Central Processing Unit – CPU • CPU is the brain of a PLC controller. • Microcontrollers with 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit • CPU tasks: • communication • program execution • memory operation • overseeing input • setting up of an output

22. Memory • System memory is used by a PLC for an process control system • It contains a user program translated from a ladder diagram to a binary form • It contains: RAM, ROM, EPROM and Flash

23. Power supply • Electrical supply is used in bringing electrical energy to central processing unit • Most PLC controllers work either at 24 VDC or 220 VAC

24. PLC controller inputs • Input devices : Keys, keyboards and functional switches • Input can be analog or digital • Analog input is used to receive analog signals • Digital input is received one or zero when the connected component turns ON or OFF

25. PLC controller outputs • Output devices: motors, relays, indicators, sound signalization • Output can be analog or digital • Analog output is used to generate the analog signal • Digital output signal works as a switch; it connects and disconnects line

26. PLC operation

27. PLC Programming • PLC is a programmable device • The IEC 61131-1 standard defines five programming languages for programmable control systems: • Function Block Diagram (FBD) • Ladder Diagram (LD)( is used in the project) • Structured Text (ST) • Instruction List (IL) • Sequential Function Chart (SFC)

28. Siemens PLC: S7-300

29. INTERNAL BUS o PROCESSOR POWER SUPPLY MODULE INPUT MODULE OUTPUT MODULE Memory OUTPUTS INPUTS power Modular PLC From the sensors To tracks and common section circuit

30. PLC connections

31. First step in programming the PLC: • Install the hardware: • CPU: 314-6CF02-0AB0 • Digital I/O modules: D18xDC24V • Power Supply: 6EP1331-1SL11 Now, the PLC is ready to execute the Ladder Diagram

32. Digital I/O addressing • Each input module can has from 1 byte to 4bytes

33. Follow Digital I/O Addressing • The figures show each module can have from 1-4 bytes • Starting from 0 up to 31 in each rack

34. Sensor • Sensor is a device that: • detects • measures a physical property • Ex: motion, heat, light, temperature, electromagnetic energy, pressure, magnetism or distance • converts into an analog or digital signal.

35. Types of sensor: • Magnetic sensor • Mechanical sensor: • Photoelectric sensor:

36. Read switch • It is magnetic sensor • Connected to the input to the PLC • Needs 24 V power supply to work • Its send digital signal to the PLC when it senses the magnetic that was placed on the train

37. Ladder diagram

41. Final Project:

42. Final Project:

43. Conclusion • The project is done: Design, construction and control of an electric train circuit using the PLC • Using standards for the PLC and safety • We learn from the GP project to work in a group

44. Thanks For Your Attention …