Technologies For Critical Incident Preparedness

1. Technologies For Critical Incident Preparedness Michael Matthews Program Analyst/Meteorologist Infrastructure & Geophysical Division Science and Technology Directorate Department of Homeland Security

2. Infrastructure & Geophysical Division Basic Research Program Customers Incident Management and Geophysical (Natural Hazards) Federal Emergency Management Agency Critical Infrastructure Protection Office of Infrastructure Protection

3. Kentucky Critical Infrastructure Protection Program (KCI) 2004-2008 • Solutions to Protect the Nation For Official Use Only

4. KCI Mission Develop and Deploy solutions that protect and preserve the critical infrastructures of the nation’s communities. • Commercialize and deploy solutions to secure communities across the country • Critical Infrastructures: • Water – Agriculture & Food – banking & Finance – Chemical – Commercial facilities – Dams – Defense Industrial Base – Emergency Services – Energy – Government facilities – Information Technology – National Monuments & Icon – Nuclear Reactors, materials, waste – Postal & Shipping – Public Health & Healthcare – Telecommunications – Transportation -

5. Kentucky CIP National Institute for Hometown Security • 22 funded projects: • TODAY: Focus on four: • Man-Portable Tactical Operations Center • Real-Time, 3-D Finger and Palm-Print Scanner for Entry and Access Portal Security • Reduction of the Explosion Potential of Ammonium Nitrate by Coating with Low-cost, Coal Combustion Byproducts • Milk Transport Security System

6. South East Region Research Initiative(SERRI) Community-Based, Regionally-Deployed Solutions to Homeland Security Challenges

7. SERRI Program Goal Assist State, local, and tribal leaders within the Southeast Region in developing tools and methods required to anticipate and forestall terrorist events and to enhance disaster response.

8. South East Region Research Initiative(SERRI) • 40 projects funded in FY06-07: • TODAY: Focus on four: • Community & Regional Resilience (CARRI) • Real-time Identification and Monitoring of Barge-Carried Hazardous Commodities • A Simulation Environment for Planning, Training, and Assessment of Emergency Response and Evacuation Capabilities at High Consequence Sports Events • Resilient Homes Initiative

9. What We’re Doing • Projects our customers have asked for that will make a difference… • Customer – Office of Infrastructure Protection • Customer - FEMA

10. Protection Against Blast & Impact

11. Protection Against Blast & Impact • Reducing the explosion potential of Ammonium Nitrate by Coating with low-cost, coal combustion by-products

12. Uncoated & Coated AN Uncoated Coated

13. Texas City Waterway Explosion3,130 Tons of Ammonium Nitrate • 576 known dead • Extensive damage throughout the city The equivalent of two barges of ammonium nitrate.

14. Real-Time ID & Monitoring of Barges Across Inland Waterways • The threat… • 800,000 daily shipments of hazardous materials equating to 3.9 billion tons move across US inland waterways annually • In 2005, over 40,000 barges carried hazardous materials – that’s over 100 shipments each day • The problem… • There are various systems that track barges and they are not connected – interoperable and tracking and reporting requirements are different.

15. Why Track Barges? Hazardous Chemical Shipments U.S. Department of Transportation. October 1998. Hazardous Materials Shipments. Protect the most attractive targets, and avoid the greatest consequences.

16. Protection Against Blast & Impact • The solution • Develop and field test a prototype system that provides more accurate, uniform, and timely data on hazardous movements by barges, especially Hazardous Cargo • To enhance DHS capability of detecting potential threats related to dangerous cargo in the US inland river system, preventing and deterring terrorist attacks by early response, and making immediate and appropriate responses to disasters with accurate real-time information at the barge level.

17. Tanker Barges • 450,000+ gallon capacity • May be pushed with other commodities • Each barge has a different destination • Towboat • Different boats will push the barges over different sections of the river.

18. Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant

19. Protecting People A SERRI Research Initiative • A Simulation Environment for Planning, Training, and Assessment of Emergency Response and Evacuation Capabilities at HighConsequence Sport Events

20. Protecting People A SERRI Research Initiative University of Southern Mississippi Stadium

21. Helping First Responders… … so they can help us

22. Sensors, Robots,, Cameras, UAV Satellite, cellular, phone, and Ethernet connectivity MESH WLAN MITOC Voice, Fax, Data, and Software applications Radio Interoperability Transport and Tactical Operations Environments Man-Portable Tactical Operations Center*Have developed and deployed this solution

23. Man-Portable Tactical Operations CenterThe benefit and value MITOC Heavy truck, RV or bus chassis $300K - $1.6 million (above ex.) Fixed equipment - Truck breaks or wrecks - no communications! Debris and high water an issue CDL driver – need trained operators. $30-100K Goes in anything - SUV, pick-up, trailer and is modular Turns on a dime! Easy-to-use by non-experts Cost Flexibility Maneuverability Complexity

24. Man-Portable Tactical Operations CenterOfficial deployment • Supported Joint ESU • Provided Internet backbone for sensor network • Tested MESH wireless net • Provided remote weather station for plume modeling • Provided radio interoperability • Provided field command post Joint ESU Incident Command Post Kentucky Derby and Oaks 2005/2006

25. Palm Scan Bottom View Prototype Palm ScannerFaster & more accurate fingerprinting method Inside the Black Box Outside the Black Box

26. Prototype Palm ScannerFaster fingerprinting method • Traditional fingerprinting • Inked finger on a paper sheet • Palm Scanner • Computer-controlled high performance cameras • State-of-the-art structured light illumination methodology • Acquire a 3-D handprint • Recorded print is dependent on the finger print ridge depth • A digital analogy to this traditional process

27. Milk Transport Security System

28. BARCODE FARM BULK MILKTANK Milk Transport Security System CELL PHONE COMMUNICATION WIRELESS (Bluetooth) COMMUNICATION BARCODE READER DATA SERVER PRINTERS FOR SAMPLE LABELS AND MILK TICKET MANUAL ENTRY OF MILK DATA BARCODE WIRELESS (WiFi) MILK HAULER/ SAMPLER HAND HELD DEVICE BARCODE BARCODE MILK TRANSPORT TANK SECURITY MONITORING SYSTEM

29. Protecting CommunitiesSERRI - CARRI • Report: National Science & Technology Subcommittee on Disaster reduction 2008 • 22 Federal Departments & Agencies Identified “6” Grand Challenges • Provide hazard and disaster information where and when it is needed • Understand the natural processes that produce hazards • Develop strategies and technologies to reduce the impact of extreme events on the built environment and vulnerable ecosystems • Reduce the vulnerability of infrastructure • Develop standardized methods for communities to measure and assess disaster resilience across multiple hazards - A key step is developing and distributing assessment tools that can be used to set priorities. • Promote risk-wise behavior

30. Resilient Communities…Resilient Regions…Resilient Nation. CARRI is a national resource to assist communities to achieve disaster resilience through strong community networks, regional cooperation, private sector participation, neighborhood initiative, focused research and federal involvement.

31. Resilience: a community or region’s capability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from significant multi-hazard threats with minimum damage to public safety and health, the economy, and national security. • Prevents and mitigates cascading failures, often characteristic of critical infrastructure impacts • Minimizes disruption to life and economies

32. Establishing a basis for a national program • Goals • Understand and Measure Community Resilience • Develop Community Resilience Processes • Build a Community Action Resilience Toolbox • Research • Recognized Experts • Interdisciplinary • Scientific Basis • Community Partners • Real-world experience • Best Practices & Lessons Learned • Public and Private Sectors

33. What the community receives • Identification of critical community dependencies and interdependencies • Resilience tools, practices, networks and technologies • Community-developed resilience plan • Core group of resilience stakeholders, planners, educators to make the results enduring

34. Tennessee Valley Region Southeast Seaboard Gulf Coast • Manageable mini-regions • Economically connected • Critical to the region • Vital to the Nation

35. Monitor, Predict, Prevent, Prepare, Train & Exercise Area = Losses due to downtime Capacity to meet New Demand Level Capacity to meet New Demand Level Area = Losses due to downtime Resilience Harden Capacity (Sector N) Response Time Capacity (Sector N) Rate of Recovery Redundancy Time Time Disruptive Event(s) Disruptive Event(s) Community & Regional Resilience InitiativeResiliency – Protection Continuum • Criteria for Success – Solutions are: • Practical • Effective • Affordable • Sustainable • Attractive in the marketplace

36. ? Social and Economic Loss Resilient Community/Region Resilience Cost Avoidance ? Response Recovery Regional Resilience Impact… Community/ Region Functional Capacity Catastrophic Event Time Regional Resilience is an Economic Driver Model: Dr. Mary Ellen Hynes, DHS (2001); Blair Ross, ORNL

37. Defining “resilient communities” • ANTICIPATE problems, opportunities, potentials for surprises • Integrate economic, social, ecological, and political community domains into planning, preparedness, and response • Establish critical mass of cooperative organizations to implement and evaluate local-based initiatives • Use strategic planning to maximize time and energy on maximum benefit areas • Merge social and economic goals • REDUCE VULNERABILITIES related to development, socio-economic conditions, threats • Build local capacity (disaster response, economic, social) • Address interdependencies, preventing cascading failures characteristic of critical infrastructure impacts • Build redundancy where possible • RESPOND effectively, fairly and legitimately • Employ strong and efficient systems to minimize loss of life and economic vitality • Mobilize key community sectors and internal assets around priorities • Leverage outset resources against goals • RECOVER rapidly, safely, and fairly • Focus on areas that yield the greatest overall benefits • Adapt and evolve while maintaining integrity of community character and goals

38. A Resilient Community OVER THE HORIZON Coordinated, Regionally Available Assets and Resources • Recovery Support: • Emergency Financing • Reconstruction Asset Coordination • Public/Private Sector Integration • Continuing Engagement • Emergency • Response Augmentation: • LE/Public Order • Search and Rescue • Mass Casualty Care • Evacuee Support • Infrastructure Restoration: • Debris Removal • Equipment/Materiel Stockpiles • Trade/Technical Skilled Workers • Emergency Housing BUSINESS COMMUNITY Plans for Continuity/ Recovery • Community Action • Resilience Toolbox • Technologies • Planning and Preparation • Shared Knowledge • Tested Procedures • Local Authorities: • Emergency Management • Facilities and Procedures • Disaster Response • Trained and Exercised • Financial Sector: • Continuity of Service/ • Access • Recovery Financing • Public Utilities: • Materiel Stockpiles • Continuity of Operations • Plans • First Responders • (LE, Fire, EM, etc): • Equipped and Trained • Interoperable Communications • Information Sharing • Jointly Exercised TRADITIONAL PILLARS • Manufacturers: • Continuity of • Operations Plans • Corporate support • coordination • Infrastructure: • Built to Code • “Hardened” to recurring • concerns • Academic Institutions: • Specialized programs for: • Managers • Responders • NGOs/Volunteers • Medical: • Materiel Stockpiles • Integrated Plans for • Mass Casualties • Patient transport and • Evacuation • Retailers: • Plans for Emergency • Provision of Necessities/ • Commodities GRASS ROOTS RESOURCES • NGOs/Volunteers: • Organized • Trained • Integrated • Exercised • Neighborhoods: • Organized for Evacuation • Family Disaster • Plans • Chamber • of Commerce: • Informed and organized • private sector • Schools: • Evacuation Plans • Facility Plans for use as • Shelter/Mass Care 38

39. “Normally it is left up to us first responders to put Humpty Dumpty back together again. We can only do so much; it has to be a community effort, both government and the private sector. We didn't build our cities by government alone, and when something BIG happens, government will never be able to do it alone.” Fire Chief Pat Sullivan Gulfport, MS Source: Josh Norman, Episcopal Relief and Development, www.er-d.org Source:www.mississippicasinos.com

40. Resilient Home Program

41. Devastating effects of natural disasters HUGO: Destroyed 11% of homes in Charleston area, severely damaged 32% more ANDREW:Destroyed or severely damaged > 100,000 homes in FL KATRINA: Destroyed 350,000 homes, damaged nearly 500,000 more; millions of pounds of contaminants (e.g., arsenic) released CHARLESTON EARTHQUAKE (1886): Caused damage equivalent to 25% of value of all structures in city

42. Goal Speed community recovery by slashing the timeframe for rebuilding, and getting the homeowner back into the home as soon as possible. Rebuilding after a natural disaster takes ~ 8 years. BUT, many homeowners don’t have resources to wait. RESULT: the community is crippled. SHORT-TERM: make existing home habitable; speed assessment to get resources to homeowner. LONG-TERM: rebuild more robustly. This home was completely under water due to Katrina. Two years later the homeowner was still living in the FEMA trailer.

43. Helping the homeowner – helps the community! Prevention Identify vulnerabilities Improve survivability Assessment Assess damage / contamination Get resources to homeowner Response Get homeowner back into the existing home Rebuilding Rebuild a more durable and efficient home

44. Resilient Home ProgramPath Forward Home construction certification Already, over a dozen homebuilders have asked to participate Engaging insurers Mold prevention and detection ORNL-developed instrument showing promise for rapid assessment Tuskegee, MSU, SRNL progress on prevention, cleanup Homeowner educational materials NCSU, SRNL working with FEMA