1 / 89

Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Colonizing America. Why we study this…. After Columbus’ voyage Europeans were rapidly attempting to claim land in the New World. The first Europeans to claim land were the Spanish. These conquerors, known as Conquistadors, became infamous for their brutal tactics. .

terri
Download Presentation

Chapter 2

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2 Colonizing America

  2. Why we study this… • After Columbus’ voyage Europeans were rapidly attempting to claim land in the New World. • The first Europeans to claim land were the Spanish. These conquerors, known as Conquistadors, became infamous for their brutal tactics.

  3. Conquistadors • Most conquistadors were hidalgos, or working class trades-people. • Not rich or well-known • If they conquered land, they would be rewarded with land of their own and power. • Encomiendasystem

  4. Hernán Cortés • 1519- Led an expedition to find workers for the mines in Cuba and to search for gold. • Conquers Aztec with only 600 men. • Burned ships to prevent desertion • Montezuma attempted buyout-didn’t work.

  5. Hernán Cortés • Four factors contributed to easy conquest. • 1. Myth of “white gods with horses” • 2. Spanish technology • 3. Discontent among tribes • 4. Diseases • Spain conquers the Aztec empire, names the land New Spain • Capital-Mexico

  6. Major Spanish Conquistadors • Francisco Pizzaro- Conquers the Incas of Peru with only 180 men. • Francisco Vásquez de Coronado - Led an expedition throughout the southwestern US in search of the Seven Gold Cities of Cibola • Hernando de Soto – Led 600 men throughout the American southeast. • Explored Southeastern US • Discovers Mississippi River, dies, is thrown in.

  7. Why are these Spanish men important? • These conquistadors failed to find golden cities and fountains of youth. Why is their failure worth noting? • Caused Spain to lose interest in North America. • Focus on South America • Opened the door for English and French colonization in the North.

  8. French Motivation • French Motivation for Exploration • Find a Northern Passage to Asia (Catch up with Spain) • Set up trade posts • Fur (Especially beaver)

  9. Initial French Expeditions • France needed to catch up with Spain. • Find a Northwest Passage to Asia. • Search for a waterway that cut through the continent.

  10. French Explorers • 1534 – Jacques Cartier – Mapped a great deal of Northeastern America. • Unsuccessful in finding Northwest Passage • St. Lawrence River • Brought back furs and minerals

  11. New France is Founded • Bickering between Catholics and Protestants in France halted French exploration for 60 years. • 1500’s – Fur became very fashionable • 1608 - Samuel de Champlain – Explored North American Coast. • Founded New France

  12. Louisiana • Algonquian tribes spoke of a “big river”. • 1682 - Cavelier de la Salle • Explored the Mississippi River all the way down to the Gulf of Mexico. • Claimed the land for France. Named it “Louisiana” after their king, Louis XIV.

  13. Spain Still in North America • Spain didn’t completely leave North America. • 1565 - Founded St. Augustine, FL. • Oldest permanent colony in the US.

  14. So where are we now… • So far, we have French in the North, Spanish in Mesoamerica and Florida, and Portugal has Brazil. Next section deals with England and what they will claim, but they came late, so they get the scraps.

  15. CH. 2 Sec. 2 Early English Colonization

  16. Late to the Party • Spain has conquistadors, France has the Northwest Passage, Portugal has Brazil, England has… nothing. • Spain and France are racking up. They are partying like it is 1499 and England is at home. WHY?

  17. English Problems • Why was England so slow to follow up? • 1. Internal Problems (Tudors try to hold on to power) • Power struggles for the throne. • 2. Spanish Navy was beast • 3. Earliest expeditions found nothing (Cabot)

  18. First British Expeditions • 1497 – John Cabot • Italian navigator hired by King Henry VII to find a western passage to Asia. • Landed somewhere in Nova Scotia • Saw no humans, but saw traces. • Found no gold or wealth • Returned to England • Took a second expedition, was never seen again.

  19. Mercantilist Theory • A nations power is measured by its’ wealth. • Wealth requires produced goods. • Produced goods require raw materials. • Colonies provide raw materials. • Countries use raw materials to produce goods. • Countries gain wealth. • 

  20. Social/Religious Issues • What gave England power to explore in the 1500’s? • 1500’s - Protestant Reformation • Martin Luther – 95 Thesis Against the Catholic Church • John Calvin – Argued that congregations should control church, not Kings and Bishops. • Why is this note-worthy?

  21. Founding the Anglican Church • 1527 – King Henry VIII asked Pope for a divorce from his wife. • Pope refused, King angry. • King creates own church, Anglican Church • Very similar to Catholic Church, just a different name, different man in charge.

  22. Puritans • Dissatisfied with the Anglican Church, English Puritans sought to “purify” the church of its Catholic ways. • Will be a very important group very soon…

  23. SHEEP!

  24. Economic Changes in England • Enclosure Movement – Sheep farming puts thousands out of work. • Sheep pretty much take care of themselves, no human helpers needed, which means high unemployment. • Lots of wool produced, price of wool falls. • Must find a new market for wool. • Joint-Stock Companies – Pool money from many investors. • Less reliance on government money.

  25. Slow down, Rinks… • Now that we have some background knowledge, what caused England to explore? • 1. GOLD • 2. Northwest Passage • 3. Missionaries – Protestant vs. Catholic • 4. Poverty and Unemployment • 5. Wool Market • 6. Raw Materials for Mercantilism

  26. England and Spain are at odds • Spain and England become epic rivals in the 1500’s. • Protestant (England) vs. Catholic (Spain) • Queen Elizabeth allows for privateers, or privately owned English ships that can attack ships from other countries.

  27. Privateers in the Caribbean • Privateers in the Caribbean found it difficult to attack ships with no English military bases nearby. • Encouraged England to secure a settlement in the New World.

  28. Walter Raleigh • 1585 -Walter Raleigh sends 100 men to settle Roanoke. • Times were tough, so they returned to England.

  29. Lost Colony of Roanoke • 1587 – Raleigh tries again. • Sends 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children back to Roanoke. Raleigh returns to England. • War erupts between England and Spain, can’t return with supplies for 3 years. • 1590 – English explorer returns to empty houses. • Unsure of what happened. • http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2012/05/07/new-clue-to-mystery-lost-roanoke-colony/

  30. Jamestown • King James I grants charter for people to colonize the New World. • What is a “charter”? • Settlers company named The Virginia Company, establish the settlement Jamestown, in honor of their king.

  31. Jamestown, we have a problem. • Early problems with Jamestown • 1. Settlers did not know how to survive. • “Gentlemen and Ladies” • Food Shortages • 2. Governing council was slow to make decisions. • 3. Lawlessness • 4. Sickness and Disease • 5. Poor relations with the Natives.

  32. John Smith to save the day… • John Smith – Jamestown settler who took a leadership role saved the colony. • “No work, no food”—John Smith • Established trade relations with the Powhatan Confederacy.

  33. John Smith’s Importance to Jamestown • How John Smith saved Jamestown: • 1. He knew that gold was hard to come by. • 2. Implementation of the “No work, No food” policy. • 3. Skillful Indian relations • 4. Created a military-like work system. • To and from the fields in formation to the beat of a drum.

  34. More Problems… • The Jamestown Company offered free land to any Englishman who came. • So many people, so little food. • Winter of 1609 and 1610 =“Starving time” • Out of 200, 60 survived the winter.

  35. Jamestown Survives • The survivors packed up and moved downriver. • Found 150 settlers and 3 English ships. • Wanted to go home. • Baron De La Warre (Robert West) forces them back to work.

  36. Jamestown Goes Tobacco Crazy • Settlers begin farming tobacco—HUGE moneymaker. • John Rolfe – Experiments with different breeding techniques. • His type of tobacco sells more, Jamestown becomes profitable. • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/culture-places/historical/us_jamestown/

  37. The First Assembly • In 1618, the Virginia Company holds its first elections. • Elected 1 governor, 6 councilors, and 20 representatives. • Representatives called burgesses.

  38. Headrights • To lure settlers to Virginia, system of headrightswas introduced. • New settlers who bought stock in the Virginia Company were given 50 acres of land. • More land for each family member or servant.

  39. Maryland • To the north of Virginia, Maryland was established by John Calvert aka Lord Baltimore. • He owned the colony, making it a proprietary colony. • Catholics vs. Protestants

  40. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/culture-places/historical/us_jamestown/http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/culture-places/historical/us_jamestown/

  41. CH. 2 sec. 3 New England

  42. Puritans, Again.. • 1608 – English Puritans fled to Holland. Took a “pilgrimage”. • Enjoyed religious freedom in Holland. • Not all is well, however… • 1. Hard work, low wages • 2. Congregation won’t grow in Holland • 3. Children may become “dutchified”

  43. Pilgrims make a Pilgrimage • 1620 – Puritan Pilgrims make a pilgrimage. • Mayflower – 101 passengers (over half not Pilgrims) • Tough trip – Food runs out, one passenger dies. • Mayflower Compact* • Land on Plymouth Nov. 9, 1620

  44. Plymouth Colony • William Bradford – Kept a journal of everything the Pilgrims accomplished. • Plague kills all but 50 of the settlers. • Squanto – Local NA (Wampanoag) who taught the Pilgrims to grow maize, fish, and live off the land. • Helped draw up a treaty with the NA tribes • Thanksgiving

More Related