Paleolithic Era

1. Paleolithic Era Tool-Makers Hunter-Gatherers Multiple types of humans

2. Objectives Describe the lifestyle of the hunter-gatherer. Discuss how scientists are changing their views of prehistoric people. Define the prefixes paleo-,meso-,and neo-. Explain how a discovery in the 1990s changed how we view the development of humankind.

3. Terms Prehistory – what happened before people could write We may look different, but we’re all humans! • Hominids are humans, both modern and extinct types • Ancestor– those that came before us • Tool –any handheld object that has been fashioned to help a person do a task • Glacier– massive sheets of ice

4. Terms Paleolithic Era – the earliest part of human prehistory when people had stone tools but not farming • Society is a community that shares a culture. • Hunter-gatherer– people that hunt animals and gather fruits, nuts, and vegetables to survive • Gobekli Tepeis a recent discovery that is changing the way we look at prehistory.

5. The stone age is divided into three parts: Paleolithic – the early stone age When we had stone tools but not farming; dogs were our only domesticated animals; the Earth was in an ice age; we shared Earth with at least two other human species Mesolithic – the middle stone age After the ice age, people made better tools including bow & arrow, made pottery, and domesticated goats and sheep. This chapter will focus on the Paleolithic. The word “Lith” means “Stone”. Paleo = early Meso = middle Neo = new Neolithic – the new stone age When people used farming; mastered weaving; experimented with metals; domesticated pigs, chickens, cows, and many other animals.

6. Recent discoveries have forever changed the way we view the Paleolithic Era. Gone is the ape-man in the cave wearing shaggy skins. Modern archeologists view prehistoric people as inventors and builders.

7. Earlier scientists made them look brutish and apelike in their reconstructions. During the Paleolithic Era, modern humans shared the Earth with at least two other species of humans: Neanderthal Homo Erectus and

8. Modern reconstructions tend to show Paleolithic people as less apelike. Neanderthal Homo Erectus

9. However they looked, Paleolithic people were very different from animals. Scientists believe Paleolithic people demonstrated all of these except history. Art History Burial of the dead Ceremony, religion, Making fire Care for the elderly True language Hunting & Gathering Herding behaviors Migration Building shelters Hunting & Gathering Herding behaviors Migration Building shelters Reproduction Drinking Growth Reproduction Drinking Growth Reproduction Drinking Growth Animals Plants Humans

10. Paleolithic people constructed art:

11. Paleolithic people buried their dead and included objects in with the burials:

12. Paleolithic people used rafts or boats. A few scientists even believe Paleolithic people used symbols. The top row comes from an Upper Paleolithic cave in France from a culture called the Magdalenian. Second row: Indus valley signs Third row: early Greek Fourth row: Runic. Settegast(p. 28) after Forbes and Crowder, 1979.

13. In 1994, a great discovery took place when a shepherd stumbled upon some strange rocks. When they were excavated, a strange temple was revealed, unlike anything historians had seen before. It was called Gobekli Tepe (go-BEK-leh TEP-eh).

14. When the temple complex of Gobekli Tepe was discovered, it pushed organized societies back thousands of years. Before 1994, kids were taught that organized society began with Egypt and Stonehenge. That was between 3000 and 2500 BC.

15. Gobekli Tepe also changed the way that we thought about human development. For a long time, scientists thought that it was farming that changed human society. They thought that farming allowed people to settle down and develop other aspects of modern society. The discovery of Gobekli Tepe showed scientists how wrong they had been – they now believe it was settlement and religion that allowed people to develop farming.

16. “Gobekli Tepe.” YouTube:BBC. http://youtu.be/l-_bIjv9Udk (1:43).

17. “GHF: GöbekliTepe, Turkey.” YouTube:globalheritagefundhttp://youtu.be/_Jk3VrZ9Qss. (3:35).

18. By the end of the Paleolithic period, all types of humans had died out except our own. Homo Sapiens Neanderthal Homo Erectus

19. Some scientists believe that humans were almost wiped out during this period. “Stone Age Apocalypse – pt2of5.” YouTube:SpakerForrTheDeadhttp://youtu.be/LG3QXNkkdlI. (9:57).

20. Review

21. 400,000 FirstSpears 110,000 FirstBeads 60,000 boat invented 58,000 Earliest bone needle 50,000 Musical instruments invented 30,000 Dog domesticated 36,000 Earliest Known woven cloth 28,000 twisted rope 19,000 Pottery invented 14,000 bow and arrow invented 11,000 Earliest sheep domestication 10,000 Gobekli Tepehuge temple complex in southern Turkey 9,000 Pig domestication 9,000 Jericho establishedthe oldest major city 8,000 Earliest known baskets 8,000 cow, cat, and goat domesticated 7,000 fish hook invented 6,000 chicken domesticated 6,000 Gold, the first metal worked 5,000 wheels invented 4,200 copper used 4,000 horse, camel, and duck domesticated 3,200 True writing invented in Mesopotamia 3,100 Stonehenge begun 3,000 bronze smelted – end of the worldwide stone age 2,700 Step Pyramid of Egypt Built Paleolithic Mesolithic A Few Accomplishments of Stone Age Peoples Neolithic • Dates are BC

22. More for Later “GöbekliTepe.” YouTube:LilyTuk. http://youtu.be/siB2DnbXPQE. (3:46).

23. “Stories from the Stone Age, part 1 – Daily Bread” • http://youtu.be/CB1UkyLrlio • 00:00 – 03:00 Intro • Fertile Crescent • Discovery of Grain • 03:00 – 33:25 The Natufians • Settling down • Eclectic hunter – bola and sling • Tools and weapons and decorations • Use of grains • Society; clan meetings • Death: • always under 50 and from injury • Buried in home w/ stone on the chest • Jewelry and carvings • The Younger Dryas • Natufians learn to farm • 33:25 – 47:00 The Settlement at Zadd • Cultivated strains of crops • Drawbacks of agriculture • Invention of the bow and arrow • 47:00 – 51:00 Jaef Al Akmah • Organization and leaders • communal storage of crops