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Accountability in climate change initiatives – kerbside CO 2 monitoring . Ben Barratt, King’s College London APRIL Greenhouse Gas Group December 2009. Aims of the presentation. The problem – why do we need kerbside CO 2 monitoring?: Emissions model validation Accountability A solution
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Accountability in climate change initiatives – kerbside CO2 monitoring Ben Barratt, King’s College London APRIL Greenhouse Gas Group December 2009
Aims of the presentation • The problem – why do we need kerbside CO2 monitoring?: • Emissions model validation • Accountability • A solution • Kerbside monitoring trial • A CO2 monitoring network for London • The way forward: • Analysis methods • Funding • Integration / co-ordination
1. Model Validation • Detailed LAEI used for CO2 emissions scenario testing for TfL. • Modelling toolkit to produce high resolution (2x2m) output. • Validation with monitoring data essential part of process. • Mapped CO2 outputs possible, but not robust without measurement validation.
1. Model Validation • Decreases in NOX, NO2 and PM10 predicted by NAEI and LAEI have halted (common across Europe). • CO2 emissions predictions may also be wrong.
2. Accountability • Isolation and quantification of affects of transport initiatives (GG and non-GG) on London’s CO2 concentrations. • Increasingly advanced analysis techniques used to separate influencing factors. • Relies on high quality monitoring data at a range of comparable monitoring sites, including ‘control’ sites. • Monitoring must be in place well before intervention.
2. Accountability • How strong is the traffic signal?
2. Accountability • How strong is the traffic signal? > 200 ppb NOx
2. Accountability • Local sources of CO2 have to be isolated from non-local.
3. An urban CO2 monitoring network • A proposed network of ground-level fixed permanent CO2 monitors. • Monitors co-located with existing comprehensive pollution monitoring sites, including met and classified traffic data. • Primarily roadside, but also urban background and rural. • Instrumentation must be affordable, reliable (>90% annual data capture), stable, responsive. • Operated to defined QA/QC standards – temporally and spatially comparable.
4. The way forward • Funding • Has to be long term • TfL, Defra • Clearflo • Marylebone Road KCL-funded permanent Li-cor • Transferral and application of analysis methods. • Co-ordination with other measurements (tower, flux etc).