ALL THE ARTIFACTS OF PEOPLE, BOTH MATERIAL AND NONMATERIAL

1. ALL THE ARTIFACTS OF PEOPLE, BOTH MATERIAL AND NONMATERIAL

2. DO NOT CONFUSE CULTURE WITH SOCIETY. SOCIETY REFERS TO A GROUP OF PEOPLE, INTERACTING WITHIN A GIVEN TERRITORY, WHO ARE GUIDED IN THEIR DAILY LIVES BY THEIR CULTURE.

3. GETTING RID OF SOME MATERIAL CULTURE

4. NONMATERIAL CULTURE PRESENTS ITSELF AS A VALUE IN THIS CARTOON. IT IS GOOD TO CARE FOR OUR ENVIRONMENT.

5. UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE • CULTURE SHOCK • DISORIENTATION DUE TO THE INABILITY TO MAKE SENSE OUT OF ONE’S SURROUNDINGS • DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN TRAVEL • ETHNOCENTRISM • A BIASED “CULTURAL YARDSTICK” • CULTURAL RELATIVISM • MORE ACCURATE UNDERSTANDING

6. CULTURE SURE HAS A WAY OF CHANGING WHAT IS MEANT BY “GOING TO THE BEACH!” MOST CULTURES SHARE COMMON COMPONENTS. WE WILL NOW EXAMINE EACH IN TURN.

7. ANYTHING THAT CARRIES A PARTICULAR MEANING RECOGNIZED BY PEOPLE WHO SHARE CULTURE • REALITY FOR HUMANS IS FOUND IN THE MEANING THINGS CARRY WITH THEM • THE BASIS OF CULTURE; MAKES LIFE POSSIBLE • PEOPLE MUST BE MINDFUL THAT MEANINGS VARY FROM CULTURE TO CULTURE • WHY AMERICANS ARE AT TIMES CALLED “UGLY” • MEANINGS CAN EVEN VARY GREATLY WITHIN THE SAME GROUPS OF PEOPLE • FUR COATS, CONFEDERATE FLAGS, ETC.

8. A SYSTEM OF SYMBOLS THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH ONEANOTHER • CULTURAL TRANSMISSION • PASSING ON CULTURE • SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS • WE KNOW THE WORLD ONLY IN TERMS OF OUR LANGUAGE • NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE • BEWARE OF USING GESTURES

9. .CULTURALLY DEFINED STANDARDS OF DESIRABILITY, GOODNESS, AND BEAUTY, WHICH SERVE AS BROAD GUIDELINES FOR SOCIAL LIVING • VALUES SUPPORT BELIEFS • SPECIFIC STATEMENTS THAT PEOPLE HOLD TO BE TRUE • CAPITALISM AND ACHIEVEMENT AND SUCCESS • CORE AMERICAN VALUES • VALUE INCONSISTENCY AND SOCIAL CHANGE • EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND COMPETITION • HUMANITARIANISM AND “ME FIRST”

10. A FEW CORE AMERICAN VALUES AND INCONSISTENCIES THAT GO WITH THEM • EQUALITY • NOT AS A CONDITION, BUT AS AN OPPORTUNITY • ACHIEVEMENT AND SUCCESS • BUT HOW ARE WE TO FEEL ABOUT MARGINAL GROUPS IN AMERICA? • RACISM AND SUPERIORITY • DESPITE MANY WORDS TO THE CONTRARY, IN AMERICA RACE, LIKE GENDER, DIFFERENTIATES • INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM • BUT WHAT ABOUT THE RESPONSIBLITIES TO COMMUNITIES THAT GO ALONG WITH IT?

11. RULES BY WHICH SOCIETY GUIDES THE BEHAVIOR OF ITS MEMBERS • TYPES • PROSCRIPTIVE • PRESCRIPTIVE • FURTHER BREAKDOWN • FOLKWAYS • LESS SERIOUS OFFENSES • MORES • MORALLY SIGNIFICANT • TABOOS • EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT LAWS ARE NORMS WHICH CAN BE ENFORCED BY AGENTS OF THE STATE.

12. QUIET PLEASE…I DON’T WANT ANY KIND OF SOCIAL CONTROL TO REACH OUT AND GRAB ME! • SOCIAL CONTROL • MEANS BY WHICH MEMBERS OF SOCIETY OFTEN ENCOURAGE CONFORMITY • DIRECT AND INDIRECT PRESSURES • POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SANCTIONS • CONFORMITYOFTEN BRINGS REWARDS AND PRAISE • NONCONFORMITY CAN BRING ABOUT PAIN • GUILT: JUDGING OURSELVES • SHAME: PUBLIC DISAPPROVAL

13. IDEAL VS. REAL CULTURE • IDEAL CULTURE • THE WAY THINGS SHOULD BE • SOCIAL PATTERNS MANDATED BY VALUES AND NORMS • REAL CULTURE • THEY WAY THINGS ACTUALLY ARE • SOCIAL PATTERNS THAT ONLY APPROXIMATE CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS • MARRIAGE AS AN EXAMPLE: • HOW “IDEAL” ARE THE FOLLOWING SOCIAL PATTERNS? • OPEN LINES OF COMMUNICATION - OR CLOSED OFF? • LOVING RELATIONSHIP - OR ABUSSIVE? • “IN GOOD TIMES AND IN BAD” - OR QUICK TO DIVORCE? • EQUITY IN GENDER ROLES - OR LITTLE CHANGE?

14. DIVERSITY IN CULTURE • IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION • OVER 1 MILLION PERSONS HAVE COME TO THE UNITED STATES • ONE OF THE MOST MULTICULTURAL COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD • PATCHWORK QUILT • TERM USED TO DESCRIBE AMERICA, LAND OF DIFFERENCES • DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF CULTURE • HIGH CULTURE • CULTURAL PATTERNS FOUND WITHIN A SOCIETY’S ELITE GROUPS • POPULAR CULTURE • PATTERNS THAT ARE WIDESPREAD

15. THERE ARE TIMES WHEN CULTURAL DIVERSITY IS GOOD FOR A SOCIETY, AS WELL AS TIMES WHEN IT SEEMS TO WORK AGAINST “THE GRAIN” • SUBCULTURES • GROUPS WHOSE CULTURAL PATTERNS SET THEM APART FROM WIDER SOCIETY • RELIGIOUS CULTS, INNER-CITY TEENS, COWBOYS, THE AMISH, FARMERS, • COUNTERCULTURES • GROUPS WHOSE CULTURAL PATTERNS ARE AT GREAT ODDS WITH WIDER SOCIETY • RADICAL MILITIA GROUPS, THE KLAN, THE SKINHEAD GROUPS

16. CULTURE CHANGES IN ONE OF THREE WAYS: • DISCOVERY - UNDERSTANDING HAS INCREASED • INVENTION - CREATING NEW CULTURE • DIFFUSION - ELEMENTS CROSSING BORDERS

17. INTERDEPENDENCE • CULTURE INTEGRATION • CHANGE IN ONE PART OF CULTURE MAY LEAD TO CHANGES IN OTHER PARTS OF CULTURE • EXAMPLE: COMPUTERS AND CHANGES IN OUR LANGUAGE • CULTURE LAG • NONMATERIAL CULTURE NORMALLY “LAGS” BEHIND MATERIAL CULTURE WHICH OFTEN SPEEDS AHEAD AT ALARMING RATES • EXAMPLE: MEDICAL PROCEDURES AND ETHICS

18. IS THERE A “GLOBAL CULTURE?”SOME BELIEVE THAT A GLOBAL CULTURE EXIST IN THREE AREAS: • THE BASIC THESIS: • THE FLOW OF GOODS • MATERIAL PRODUCT TRADING HAS NEVER BEEN AS IMPORTANT • SOME HATE WHAT CAN BE CALLED THE “AMERICANIZATION OF THE WORLD” • THE FLOW OF INFORMATION • THERE ARE FEW, IF ANY, PLACES LEFT ON EARTH WHERE WORLDWIDE COMMUNICATION IS NOT POSSIBLE • THE FLOW OF PEOPLE • KNOWLEDGE MEANS PEOPLE LEARN ABOUT PLACES ON EARTH WHERE THEY FEEL LIFE MAY BE BETTER • PROBLEMS WITH THIS THESIS? • ALL THE FLOWS HAVE BEEN UNEVEN • ASSUMES AFFORDABILITY OF GOODS • PEOPLE DON’T ATTACH THE SAME MEANING TO MATERIAL GOODS

19. TRAITS COMMON TO EVERY KNOWN CULTURE • THE FAMILY • ASSIGNMENT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR YOUNG AND THE CONTROL OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • FUNERAL RITES • COMMUNITY BONDING WITH CLOSURE, COMFORT, AND CONTINUITY FOR THE LIVING • SMILING AND HUMOR • OUTWARD SIGNS OF FRIENDSHIP AND SAFETY VALVE FOR SOCIAL TENSIONS • DEVIANCE • A CONSTANT REMINDER OF THE BEHAVIORAL LIMITS FOUND IN A GIVEN SOCIETY WITH RESPECT TO INDIVIDUALITY AND NONCOMFORMITY

20. FREEDOM OR CONSTRAINT? • CULTURE AS CONSTRAINT • WE ONLY KNOW OUR WORLD IN TERMS OF OUR CULTURE • CULTURE AS FREEDOM • CULTURE IS CHANGING AND OFFERS A VARIETY OF OPPORTUNITIES