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Artifacts

Artifacts. Technology, Trade & Exchange. Natural Materials (Unaltered). Stone: The majority of prehistoric artifacts Wood: Occasionally preserved, but important Shell: Often preserved Fibers: Rarely preserved Bone: Rarely preserved Antler: Rarely preserved Leather: Rarely preserved.

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Artifacts

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  1. Artifacts Technology, Trade & Exchange

  2. Natural Materials (Unaltered) • Stone: The majority of prehistoric artifacts • Wood: Occasionally preserved, but important • Shell: Often preserved • Fibers: Rarely preserved • Bone: Rarely preserved • Antler: Rarely preserved • Leather: Rarely preserved

  3. Synthetic Materials • Pottery • Metals Technology that utilizes PYROTECHNOLOGY: Control of Fire Clay: vitrification Metals: Metallurgy

  4. Natural Material: Stone Techniques Percussion, Pressure Flaking, Grinding & Pecking Materials Silicates (Flint, Chert, Obsidian, Quartz & Quartzite Basalt, Granite, Dolomite Reconstruction Refitting, Experimental Reproduction Analysis Typing & Seriation (Morphology, Production Techniques) Microwear Analysis, Adhesives, Residues

  5. Natural Material: Wood Techniques Cutting, Carving, Fire-hardening Materials Trees, Shrubs, Grass stalks (Cane & Bamboo) Reconstruction Experimental Reproduction Analysis Speciation, Morphology, Function, Microwear Analysis, Adhesives, Residues

  6. Natural Materials: Shell Techniques Grinding & Drilling, Fracturing Materials Faunal Secretion (Calcium Carbonate) Oyster, clam, mussel Reconstruction Experimental Reproduction Analysis Speciation, Morphology, Production Techniques Microwear Analysis, Adhesives, Residues

  7. Synthetic Materials: Ceramics Techniques Pinching, Throwing Materials Kaolinite, Feldspars (Clays) Reconstruction Refitting, Experimental Reproduction Analysis Typing & Seriation (Morphology, Production Techniques), Microwear Analysis, Adhesives, Residues

  8. Synthetic Materials : Metals Mining and Smelting Alloys Cold Hammering Casting Annealing (Welding) Analysis Trace Element Analysis, Morphology, Production Techniques

  9. Synthetic Materials: Glass Molten silicate (sand) with or without coloring agents: copper or iron oxides, cobalt Glass Blowing Molding

  10. Characterization: Sourcing Materials Thin-section microscopy Trace element Analysis Isotopic Analysis

  11. Distribution Spatial Distribution Analysis: (Quantitative) Materials source Consumption Redistribution Exchange Mechanisms Economic Systems vs. Symbolic Exchange Interaction spheres (Interpretive, Qualitative)

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