Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections

1. Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections Unit 13

2. Prepositions • A preposition is a word that relates a noun or a pronoun to some word in a sentence. • The paint on the canvas will dry slowly. • He ran down the stairs. • The dog hid under the bed.

3. Prepositions • A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun, which is called the object of the phrase. • The dog hid under the bed. • Sit beside me. • The runners sprinted across the finish line.

4. Prepositional Phrases • The noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase is called the OBJECT. • He was born in a small town. • The cat ran toward the litter box. • The bridge is over a river.

5. Prepositional Phrases • The object of the phrase should be an object pronoun and NOT a subject pronoun. You would not use he, she, we, or I. • Hand the box to ( me, I). • She ran towards (he, him). • I can’t sit beside (she, her).

6. Prepositional Phrases • Sometimes an object will be compound. Remember to use an object pronoun. • Give it to Gary and (I, me.) • I lent a bookto Nick and (she, her).

7. Prepositions • Sometimes prepositions can be made up of two or more words. These are called compound prepositions. • according to aside from in front of instead of • across from because of in place of on top of • on account of along with far from in spite of

8. Prepositional Phrases • If you are unsure about whether to use a subject pronoun or an object pronoun, try saying the sentence aloud with only the pronoun following the preposition. • The subject pronoun who is NEVER the object of a prepositional phrase. • ONLY use whom as the object.

9. Jobs of Prepositional Phrases • A prepositional phrase can function as an ADJECTIVE by describing a noun or pronoun. • The phrase will almost always comedirectly after the noun or pronoun that it is describing. The fabrics from the Orient are beautiful. (from the Orient describes fabrics) The man in the blue suit is staring at us. (in the blue suit describes man)

10. Jobs of Prepositional Phrases • A prepositional phrase can also function as an ADVERB when it modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. • An ADVERB phrase tells when, where, or how an action takes place. • It usually will go to the verb.

11. Adverb Prepositional Phrases The women are weaving on looms. (on looms goes to weaving) That fabric looks great on you. (on you goes to great) They work in shops. (in shops goes to work)

12. Are these adjective or adverb phrases? • Weavers around the world practice an ancient craft. • Early weavers worked with long grass strands. • Paintings from ancient Egypt show that weaving was developed early. • Tapestries with complex patterns hang in museums. • These tapestries often illustrate stories about great people. • Many tapestries depict stories from the Bible. • Several tapestries hang in French museums.

13. Conjunctions • There are 2 types of conjunctions-words that join. • 1. Coordinating - and, but, or, so, yet, for and nor. • 2. Correlative (pairs) - both/and either/or neither/nor not only/ but also

14. The “s” rule AGAIN!!! • Remember when using conjunctions— • Singular subjects have verbs that end in-s • Plural subjects do NOT have verbs that end in -s

15. Conjunctive Adverbs • A conjunctive adverb may be used to join the simple sentences in a compound sentence. • Conjunctive Adverbs replace conjunctions to add a little flair to your speaking and writing. • Many Asians use chopsticks, but some use forks. • Many Asians use chopsticks; however, some use forks.

16. Conjunctive Adverbs • Conjunctive Adverbs replace conjunctions to add a little flair to your speaking and writing. To replace AND --- also, besides, furthermore, moreover To replace BUT --- however, nevertheless, still To state a result – consequently, therefore, so, thus To state equality – equally, likewise, similarly

17. Conjunctive Adverbs • Look closely as to how these adverbs are punctuated in a sentence. • Chinese cooks often stir-fry their food; therefore, they must cut it into small pieces. • When 2 simple sentences are joined with a CA, a semicolon always appears before the second sentence.

18. Conjunctive Adverbs • When the CA comes at the beginning or end of a sentence, it is set of by a comma. Stir frying should be done quickly; the wok must be very hot, therefore.

19. Conjunctive Adverbs When the CA appears in the middle, one comma precedes it and one comma follows it. Vegetables cook more quickly than meat; they must, therefore, be added to the wok last.

20. Interjections • An interjection is a word or group of words that expresses a strong feeling. • It has no other connection to any other words in the sentence. • Aha! Oops well Awesome • Oh my! Oh my goodness, ouch, ha, wow, gee whiz, hooray, whoops, what • Good grief Holy Moley Gosh

21. Interjection • Interjections that express STRONG emotion are followed by a ! • Overusing interjections will spoil their effectiveness. • Wow! The Saints just won the Superbowl.