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Efficient Elevator Systems: Understanding Mechanical Advantage and Forces

Explore the workings of jackscrew, hydraulic, and cable lift elevators, as well as the principles of tension, pulleys, and counterweights. Discover how these systems utilize mechanical advantage and forces to move efficiently and effectively.

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Efficient Elevator Systems: Understanding Mechanical Advantage and Forces

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  1. Elevators

  2. Jackscrew Elevator • Screw provides mechanical advantage • Ramps (screw’s threads) provide mechanical advantage • Translate ramp a long distance with a small force • Ramp moves up a small distance with a large force

  3. Jackscrew ElevatorProblems • Sliding friction • heat • wear • Need a long screw

  4. Hydraulic Elevator • Pressure provides mechanical advantage force = pressure x surface area small force / small area = large force / large area

  5. Hydraulic ElevatorProblems • Doesn’t store energy between trips • going up, pump provides energy • going down, gravitation potential energy is converted to heat • Needs a long piston

  6. Cable Lift Elevator • Pull from above with a long cable

  7. Tug-of-War Each team pulls on a rope with a force of 500 pounds in opposite directions. What is the tension in the rope? • 500 pounds • 1000 pounds

  8. Tension • Each portion of rope pulls on neighboring portions with a certain force tension = force exerted on each end of rope

  9. Pulleys • Redirect forces • amount of force provided by tension • direction of force along rope

  10. Multiple Pulleys • Mechanical advantage • same tension in every rope segment • each segment pulls up with a force equal to this tension • Small force over a long distance provides large force over a small distance

  11. Counterweights • Balanced seesaw • Total mass rising or falling is small • Requires less power to move

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