Module 6 Hypnosis

1. Module 6Hypnosis

2. Hypnosis A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. http://iddiokrysto.blog.excite.it Hypnos: Greek god of sleep

3. Facts and Falsehood Those who practice hypnosis agree that its power resides in the subject’s openness to suggestion. Yes, to some extent. Can anyone experience hypnosis? No. Can hypnosis enhance recall of forgotten events?

4. Facts and Falsehood No. Can hypnosis force people to act against their will? Yes. Self-suggestion can heal too. Can hypnosis be therapeutic? Yes. Lamaze can do that too. Can hypnosis alleviate pain?

5. Stage Hypnotists • Use our suggestibility • May start scratching and then tell us we itch. The audience responds.

6. Feeling Tense? • Try this if you want to experience self-hypnosis and relaxation. http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&rls=com.microsoft:*&q=hypnosis:youtube.com&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=Nh_fSurXB5L-Mb_1xPkN&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=1&ved=0CBEQqwQwAA#

7. Try this one • Hold your hands in fists in front of you about 18 inches apart with your index fingers pointing toward each other. • Your hands are becoming weary in this position, possibly shaking a little bit. • Now bring your fingertips together instantly in a swift, continuous movement.

8. And This… • Close your eyes and imagine you are cutting a lemon…a large…sour…bitter lemon…so full of juice that it drips over your fingers onto the floor. • Now imagine sucking the juice from the lemon. • What is happening? • Are you salivating?

9. Another One… • Interlock the fingers of both hands. • Hold your palms against the top of your head. • Pull downwards, keeping your hands joined. • Now turn your hands over so that your knuckles are against your head maintaining a downward pressure. • You will be unable to unclasp your hands until I tell you to.

10. Posthypnotic Amnesia • supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis • induced by the hypnotist’s suggestion

11. Hypnosis • Orne & Evans (1965) • hypnotized group told to dip hand in fake acid, then throw the “acid” in assistant’s face • control group instructed to “pretend” • Non-hypnotized subjects performed the same acts as the hypnotized ones

12. Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale • There are 10 actual tests devised by Wilson and Barber. • We will try two of them.

13. Results • In the first test, you were asked to imagine that one, two, and then three dictionaries were being piled on the palm of your hand. Compared to what you would have experienced if three dictionaries were actually on your hand, what you experienced was?

14. Dictionary Test 0 1 2 3 4 0% 25% 50% 75% 90 + % Not at all A little Between Much the Almost the same the same a little same exactly and much the same the same

15. Results • In the second test, you were asked to picture yourself lying under the sun on a beach and becoming very relaxed. Compared to what you would have experienced if you were actually relaxing on a beach, what you experienced was?

16. Day at the Beach Test 0 1 2 3 4 0% 25% 50% 75% 90 + % Not at all A little Between Much the Almost the same the same a little same exactly and much the same the same

17. Explaining the Hypnotized State • Research shows that hypnotic responsiveness depends more on the abilities, beliefs, and interpretations of the person hypnotized than on the use of a hypnotic induction. • It seems to increase suggestibility. • It stems from social influence and personal abilities, not altered consciousness.

18. Research further indicates: • Ability to experience it does not indicate weakness • Participants retain the ability to control their behavior. They are aware of their surroundings. • Posthypnotic amnesia is relatively rare. • It is not dangerous when practiced by qualified people • It does not increase your memory. • It does not create a re-experiencing of childhood events.

19. Hypnosis • Posthypnotic Suggestion • suggestion to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized • used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

20. What does it do? • Hypnotized subjects process information more holistically, with little effort, and with greater verbal comfort. • Hypnosis enhances psychotherapy. • Hypnosis can provide pain relief. • Currently, researchers are looking for hard, physiological evidence. • Watch The Mind, Module 2; Hypnotic Dissociation and Pain Relief

21. Hypnosis • Dissociation • a split in consciousness • allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others • Hidden Observer • Hilgard’s term describing a hypnotized subject’s awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis

22. Explaining the Hypnotized State • Social Influence Theory: Hypnotic subjects may simply be imaginative actors playing a social role. • Divided ConsciousnessTheory: Hypnosis is a special state of dissociated (divided) consciousness (Hilgard, 1986, 1992). Courtesy of News and Publications Service, Stanford University (Hilgard, 1992)

23. Explaining Hypnosis

24. Ice Water Hypnosis • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=FsdaIaPqP6M#t=139s

25. False Memories? • Can a person plant false memories in another person? • What do you think? • Watch the Youtube,and then what do you think? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjgL15BLgJo&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3ldO66qrb0 Bugs