APES Review #3

1. APES Review #3

2. Some solar energy systems produce high temperature water for industrial applications and produce steam to run turbines that generate electricity. What type of solar energy system is needed for these kinds of applications? • A flat panel solar collector system • A solar collector system using mirrors to concentrate sunlight • A passive solar system that uses building design to block summer light • A flag non-tracking array of photovoltaic panels • A passive solar system that uses building design to collect winter sunlight

3. Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size? • Clay, sand, silt • Clay, silt, sand • Sand, clay, silt • Sand, silt, clay • Silt, clay, sand

4. Which of the following elements is most likely to limit primary production in freshwater lakes? • Oxygen • Calcium • Phosphorous • Carbon • Iron

5. As a country goes through the demographic transition, the greatest rate of population growth takes place during which phase? • The preindustrial • The pretransitional • The transitional • The industrial • The postindustrial

6. The process of extracting & separating gold in remote regions often results in environmental contamination with which of the following? • Ozone • Cyanide • CFC’s • Asbestos • Selenium

7. Which of the following is true of the Clean Air Act? • It was passed by Congress during the 1950’s • It regulates the amount of CO2 emitted by power plants • It has remained largely unmodified since it was originally signed into law • It established a cap and trade program for SO2 in 1990 • It is set to expire in 2015

8. Which of the following is true of sewage treatment plants in the US? • They release wastewater before solids are removed from the sewage • They use stormwater runoff to assist in the treatment process • They are not designed to remove pharmaceutical chemicals from wastewater • They have largely eliminated cultural eutrophication in Chesapeake Bay • The release wastewater that is not regulated by the Clean Water Act

9. Some toxic compounds are ingested & remain in the tissues. These pollutants pose special risks to humans & other organisms high on the food chain because of what process? • Synergism • Compound contamination • Biomagnification • Threshold effect • Carcinogenesis

10. Which of the following is an appropriate remediation strategy for removing radon gas from the home? • Use filtered water for drinking and bathing • Do not occupy the basement of the home • Place monitors in suspect areas of the home • Remove and replace soil in crawl spaces under the home • Seal or ventilate places where radon enters living space

11. Which of the following is the best example of a keystone species? • Sea otter • Sea urchin • Spotted owl • Snail darter • Condor

12. Which of the following is the best illustration of the tragedy of the commons? • Depletion of fishing stocks in the N. Atlantic • Collective farming of wine grapes in communities in France • Using national forests for wood production and harvesting • Allocation of all nuclear wastes to one site in Nevada • Agreements among western ranchers to jointly manage common grazing land

13. Which of the following has the largest proven coal reserves? • South America • The United States • Australia • Indonesia • Africa

14. Which of the following is generally true of k-strategist species as compared to r-strategist species? • They reach sexual maturity earlier • They have more young • They are more likely to be invasive species • They have longer life spans • Their population cycles are more rapid

15. The largest area of old-growth forest in the US is located in • Alaska • Montana • California • N. Carolina • Michigan

16. The country of Sudan has an estimated annual growth rate of 2 percent. At this rate of growth, ~how many years will it take for the population of Sudan to double? • 30 years • 35 years • 50 years • 80 years • 140 years

17. Waste from which of the following is an example of nonpoint source pollution? • Overflow from a sewage treatment plant • Outgassing from a municipal landfill • Dumping at a food-processing plant • Drainage from an abandoned mine • Runoff from agricultural fields

18. Which of the following laws gave the EPA the authority to control hazardous waste from “cradle-to-grave”, including the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste? • Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA) • Endangered Species Act (ESA) • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation & Liability Act (CERCLA) • National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) • Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)

19. Between 1960 and 1970, world oil consumption approximately doubled. Which of the following explanations is consistent with this increase? • The number of passengers per car increased • People drove less, conserving gasoline • The price of gasoline increased • The number of cars on the road increased • Cars that were more fuel efficient were manufactured

20. Which of the following is part of a positive feedback mechanism associated with global climate change? • Increased gas mileage in cars • Increased cloudiness caused by more moisture in the atmosphere • Melting of Arctic sea ice • Increased acidity of seawater • Increased growth of CO2 absorbing trees and grasses

21. Although the use of DDT was banned in the US in 1972, a test of the body tissue on an average US resident today would most likely reveal the presence of DDT because • DDT is the breakdown product of newer pesticides on the market • DDT is water soluble • Other countries that export produce to the US still use DDT • Mary farmers in the US are still using DDT illegally • DDT is naturally produced by many plants

22. 21. Which continent has the highest deforestation rate? a) Africa b) Asia c) Europe d) S. America e) Australia/Oceania

23. Excavating and hauling soil off-site to an approved soil disposal/treatment facility would be an example of: • Sustainability • Remediation • Conservation • Preservation • Mitigation

24. 23. India’s family-planning program has yielded disappointing results for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a) poor planning and bureaucratic inefficiency b) failure to employ sterilization c) extreme poverty d) a cultural preference for female children e) too little administrative and financial support

25. The largest user of freshwater worldwide is: • Mining • Irrigation • Industry • Home use • Production of electrical power

26. This type of economy exists when supplies and natural resources seem unlimited; • Frontier economy • Free-marked economy • Communal resource management economy • Command economic system • Natural resource economy

27. The concept of net primary productivity: • Is the rate at which producers manufacturer chemical energy through photosynthesis • Is the rate at which producers use chemical energy through respiration • Is the rate of photosynthesis plus the rate of respiration • Can be thought of as the basic food source for decomposers in an ecosystem • Is usually reported as the energy output of an area of producers over a given time period

28. Bhopal, India Chernobyl, Ukraine Love Canal, NY Minamata Bay, Japan 3 Mile Island, Penn. 27. Site of a hazardous chemical dumping ground over which homes and schools were built. 28. Site of mercury poisoning. 29. The most serious commercial nuclear incident in US history. 30. Leakage of poisonous gases from a pesticide manufacturing plant. C d e a

29. What amount of cultivated land is used to produce over 95% of the world’s food? • ~75% • Between 50% and 75% • ~ 50% • Between 15% and 50% • Less than 15%

30. The type of succession that begins in an area where the natural community has been disturbed, removed, or destroyed but in which the bottom soil or sediment remains is known as: • Allogenic • Autogenic • Primary • Secondary • Progressive

31. In general, parasites tend to: • Become more virulent as they live within the host • Destroy the host completely • Become deactivated as they live within the host • Be only mildly pathogenic • Require large amounts of oxygen

32. Which of the following is not a chronic condition? • Asthma • Measles • Diabetes • Cancer • malnutrition

33. First levels of defensive behaviors, used by both predators & prey, to avoid detection would include all of the following EXCEPT: • Camouflage • Predator swamping • Countershading • Batesian mimicry • Masquerading

34. Which of the following are examples of trace elements necessary in the human diet? • Ca, Mg and Na • Al and Fe • I, Cu and Zn • S, N and P • C, H and O

35. Which of the following is the best example of a r-selected species? • Dog • Whale • Condor • Tree • Mouse

36. The process in which ammonia is oxidized to nitrite and nitrate, the forms most usable by plants, through the action of bacteria is called: • Nitrogen fixation • Nitrification • Assimilation • Ammonificaiton • Denitrification

37. Which US president was responsible for creating the National Park System? • Woodrow Wilson • Theodore Roosevelt • Franklin D. Roosevelt • Calvin Coolidge • Herbert Hoover

38. The largest earthquake in the 20th century occurred: • Off the coast of Alaska • Off the coast of Japan • Off the coast of S. America • Off the coast of California • In Missouri