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ATLAS Detector : status and upgrade plans

P. Morettini - ATLAS Collaboration. ATLAS Detector : status and upgrade plans. Outline. In this talk, we will briefly review the performance of the ATLAS detector in its present configuration and we will illustrate the upgrade plan: ATLAS performance 2010-2012

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ATLAS Detector : status and upgrade plans

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  1. P. Morettini - ATLAS Collaboration ATLAS Detector: status and upgrade plans Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  2. Outline In this talk, we will briefly review the performance of the ATLAS detector in its present configuration and we will illustrate the upgrade plan: • ATLAS performance 2010-2012 • Motivations for the upgrade • Phase 0 upgrade – LS1 i.e. now • Phase 1 upgrade – LS2 – 2018-2019 • Phase 2 upgrade – LS3 – 2022-2023 An obvious disclaimer: experience teaches us that many things can change in ten years, so, especially for Phase 2, there are many unknowns (from the scientific and also from the financial point of view) that can modify our plans. Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  3. ATLAS Performance The ATLAS Detector Liquid Argon calorimeter Muon Detector Tile Calorimeter • Muon spectrometer • m tracking • MDT (Monitored drift tubes) • CSC (Cathode Strip Chambers) • RPC (Resistive Plate Chamber) Trigger • TGC (Thin Gas Chamber) Trigger • Toroid Magnet • 3 Level Trigger system • L1 – hardware – 100 kHz 2.5 ms latency • L2 – software – 3-4 kHz 10 ms latency • EF – software – 100 Hz 1-2 s latency • Inner Detector (ID) • Tracking • Silicon Pixels 50 x 400 mm2 • Silicon Strips (SCT) 80 mm stereo • Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) up to 36 points/track • 2T Solenoid Magnet • Calorimeter system • EM and Hadronic energy • Liquid Ar (LAr) EM barrel and end-cap • LArHadronic end-cap • Tile calorimeter (Fe – scintillator) hadronic barrel Toroid Magnet Solenoid Magnet SCT Pixel Detector TRT Paolo Morettini - iWoRID 2012

  4. ATLAS Performance ATLAS Trigger and DAQ 108channels on-detector (40 MHz readout) L1 trigger – 100 kHz – 25 us Thenextraction from detector to readoutsystem L2 trigger – 10 kHz – 20 ms On L1 selectedgeometricalregions. Software. EventFilter– 400 Hz – 2 s Software. Paolo Morettini

  5. ATLAS Performance LHC Performance 2010-2012 • LHC performed extremely well in the three years of the first run. • In 2012, peak luminosity has been systematically above 7 1033 cm-2 s-1 • Total accumulated luminosity was 23.3 fb-1, enough to firmly establish the Higgs discovery and its basic parameters. 2012 2011 2010 Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  6. ATLAS Performance ATLAS Performance 2010-2012 • ATLAS performance was as well satisfactory, with an average data taking efficiency exceeding 93% and a fraction of active channels of 95% • It is important to note that most of 2012 data was taken with an average number of pile-up events per crossing around 35, due to the 50 ns spacing. A data-taking environment more challenging than the one expected at design luminosity and 25 ns spacing. Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  7. ATLAS Performance Trigger performance The ATLAS trigger system demonstrated to be robust and flexible enough to follow the rapid LHC luminosity increase maintaining full efficiency. Many algorithms (more than 500 trigger items) were developed to guarantee optimal selection. Stability vs pile-up was a concern, but no problem observed so far. Single e, Et > 25 GeV Efficiency vs pile-up Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  8. Motivations for the upgrade Higgs physics perspectives As recognized in the recent European Strategy symposium, the priority after the consolidation of the Higgs discovery is to obtain precise measurement of the parameters of the new particle: • Mass and width • Quantum numbers • Couplings and self-coupling • Comparison with the SM LHC has been recognized as the natural facility to complete these studies, but obviously an increase in luminosity would significantly enhance the achievable precision. Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  9. Motivations for the upgrade Beyond the Standard Model An increase in luminosity would as well be beneficial to extend the range of the searches for SUSY particle and for other “exotic” processes. ttbar resonances at HL-LHC 6.7 TeV L=3000 fb-1leptons + jets 5.6 TeV L=3000 fb-1dileptons 4.3 TeVL=300 fb-1 leptons + jets 4TeVL=300 fb-1dileptons SUSY particles at HL-LHC 3 TeV for squarks ~ 2.5 TeV for gluinos 400 GeV rise in sensitivity wrt the L=300 fb-1 case Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  10. Motivations for the upgrade LHC upgrade plan Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  11. Motivations for the upgrade Motivations for the upgrade Based on the experience of the first LHC run, we can say that ATLAS as is can successfully operate at 1034 cm-2s-1 and possibly more. However, the ultimate goal of accumulating 3000 fb-1 in more than 15 years at 5 x 1034 cm-2s-1 requires some intervention: • Several detectors, especially close to the beam line, will be damaged by the accumulated dose • The large number of interactions per crossing (<m> up to 150) will saturate read-out links and generate large occupancies. • A more and more selective trigger will be necessary to efficiently isolate the few interesting events 5 1034 cm-2s-1 1033 cm-2s-1 Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  12. Phase 0 ATLAS detector upgrade plan LS1 ↠ PHASE 0 ℒ = 1034cm-2s-1 <m>=24 100 fb-1 (2014-2017) LS2 ↠ PHASE 1 ℒ = 2x1034cm-2s-1<m>=50 350 fb-1 (2019-2021) LS3 ↠ PHASE 2 ℒ =5x1034cm-2s-1<m>=140 3000 fb-1 (2023-2030) • New “All Silicon” tracker • New L0-L1 trigger schema • Inclusion of track info at L1 • Upgrade of the calorimeter readout • Upgrade of the muonspetrometer • Installation of the 4th Pixel Detector Layer • Pixel Detector improvements • DBM beam monitor • Silicon tracker cooling system replacement • Muon EE chambers completion • New Muon Small Wheel detector • Upgrade of the central L1 trigger processor • Topological L1 triggers • L1 Calo granularity increase In Progress… Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  13. Phase 0 Pixel detector upgrade “old” Beam Pipe R = 29 mm Needto cure progressive radiation damage and mitigate inefficiencies due topile-up effects. Two substantial interventions are in progress during LS1: • Replacement of service distribution panels, to cure malfunctioning channels, increase accessibility and bandwidth. • Installation of a 4th layer (IBL), close to the beam pipe(33-38 mm from the beam line). IBL setup New SQP 31-40 mm 25 mm Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  14. Phase 0 IBL technologies • Originally thought as a LS2 intervention, the Pixel upgrade was anticipated to guarantee a more robust tracking system and a less radioactive working environment. • New technologies prototyping Phase 2 upgrade: • New FE chip (FE-I4) in 130 nm CMOS, with smaller cells (50 x 250 mm2) and faster output links Pixel Read-out inefficiency vs LHC Luminosity FE-I3 FE-I4 b-tagging rejectionvs pile-up With IBL Without IBL Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  15. Phase 0 IBL technologies • Originally thought as a LS2 intervention, the Pixel upgrade was anticipated to guarantee a more robust tracking system and a less radioactive working environment. • New technologies prototyping Phase 2 upgrade: • New FE chip (FE-I4) in 130 nm CMOS, with smaller cells (50 x 250 mm2) and faster output links • 3D sensors in the forward region (lower bias voltage, immunity to bulk defects), planar, slim edge, n-in-n in the central region. Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  16. Phase 0 More LS1 interventions… • As a part of the IBL installation, we will replace the beam pipe: the central part will be in beryllium, the outer part in aluminium. • The evaporative cooling system of Pixel and Strips will be replaced. • More Muon End-cap Extension chambers(EE) will be installed, to improve coveragein the 1.0 < |n| < 1.3 region. • Add specific neutron shielding • Diamond Beam Monitor (DBM)diamond pixel detector with IBL readout Then, in this long shutdown, as in the following ones, many small interventions will be performed here and there to cure problems that cannot be addressed in a regular shutdown or to replace obsolete components (e.g. power supplies, readout elements, …) EE Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  17. Phase 1 ATLAS detector upgrade plan LS1 ↠ PHASE 0 ℒ = 1034cm-2s-1 <m>=24 100 fb-1 (2014-2017) LS2 ↠ PHASE 1 ℒ = 2x1034cm-2s-1<m>=50 350 fb-1 (2019-2021) LS3 ↠ PHASE 2 ℒ =5x1034cm-2s-1<m>=140 3000 fb-1 (2023-2030) • New “All Silicon” tracker • New L0-L1 trigger schema • Inclusion of track info at L1 • Upgrade of the calorimeter readout • Upgrade of the muonspetrometer • Installation of the 4th Pixel Detector Layer • Pixel Detector improvements • DBM beam monitor • Silicon tracker cooling system replacement • Muon EE chambers completion • New Muon Small Wheel detector • Upgrade of the central L1 trigger processor • Topological L1 triggers • L1 Calo granularity increase Preparing TDR Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  18. Phase 1 Muon Small Wheel upgrade The innermost layer of the muonendcapis extremely sensitive to beam background. While working fine at the moment, the existing detector would produce an excessive fake L1 rate at luminosities above 1034 cm-2s-1. Will be replaced with a new detector with higher position resolution (100 mm) and direction reconstruction capability (1 mrad) to select tracks pointing to the primary vertex. Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  19. Phase 1 New Small Wheel impact From the detector technology point of view, NSW will use two solutions: • Small strip Thin Gas Chambers (sTGC) for L1 trigger • Micromegas (MM) for precision tracking The new detector will ensure a strong reduction of single muon rates with a reasonable safety margin up to 5 x 1034 cm-2s-1 sTGC MM sTGC Muon L1 Rates vspt thresholdNOW with NSW x3 reductionfor pT(μ)>20GeVat 1034cm‐2s‐1 Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  20. Phase 1 Calorimetric trigger • The granularity of the EM L1 trigger will be increased, to exploit shower longitudinal and transvers shape. • Better electron-jet separation will be achievable. • Will allow un-prescaled single electron triggers at Et ~ 25 GeV above 1034 cm-2s-1 • Together with an update of the central L1 trigger processor, topological L1 triggers will be available. Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  21. Phase 1 FTK FTK is a track trigger processor.It can produce tracks with a quality similar to the off-line in ~25 ms. • Based on CDF experience • Pattern recognition is done using associative memories, track fit with a FPGA processor. • In ATLAS, FTK uses L2 trigger data, but the output is ready at the beginning of L2 software processing. • Better HLT algorithms for b-tagging, t identification and lepton isolation will be available. Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  22. Phase 2 ATLAS detector upgrade plan LS1 ↠ PHASE 0 ℒ = 1034cm-2s-1 <m>=24 100 fb-1 (2014-2017) LS2 ↠ PHASE 1 ℒ = 2x1034cm-2s-1<m>=50 350 fb-1 (2019-2021) LS3 ↠ PHASE 2 ℒ =5x1034cm-2s-1<m>=140 3000 fb-1 (2023-2030) • New “All Silicon” tracker • New L0-L1 trigger schema • Inclusion of track info at L1 • Upgrade of the calorimeter readout • Upgrade of the muonspetrometer • Installation of the 4th Pixel Detector Layer • Pixel Detector improvements • DBM beam monitor • Silicon tracker cooling system replacement • Muon EE chambers completion • New Muon Small Wheel detector • Upgrade of the central L1 trigger processor • Topological L1 triggers • L1 Calo granularity increase LoI submitted Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  23. Phase 2 New “All Silicon” tracker To face the challenge of HL LHC ATLAS will need a new tracker: • Progressive radiation damage will make the old detector inefficient • More granularity and more bandwidth is needed to operate at 5 x 1034 cm-2 s-1, due to the large pileup. The layout proposed in the LoI provides 14 points/track to |n| < 2.7 • Pixel: 4 layers + 5 disks, 25 x 150 (in) / 50 x 150 (out) mm2 • Strips: 5 layers + 7 disks stereo Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  24. Phase 2 Tracker layout Clearly there are many options under investigation, and the details of the tracker layout will be fixed later. The challenge is always the same: • Produce a mechanical support with the best possible thermal and mechanical characteristics and, at the same time, as light as possible. • Find room and power dissipation capabilities for the on-detector electronics and the links needed to transmit the enormous amount of data. Present estimate 2500-3000 lpGBT links at 9.6 Gb/s Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  25. Phase 2 TDAQ upgrade One interesting possibility open by the complete redesign of the tracker and by modern data transmission technologies is the inclusion of tracks at L1. This requires, however, some deep modification of the trigger strategy, as it is impossible to build tracks at full rate in few ms. The idea is to use a calorimetric and muon pre-trigger (called L0) to select events were tracks will be reconstructed. L0 signal will be sent only to tracker modules in selected space regions. Level-0 Rate 500 kHz, Lat. 6 ms Muon + Calo Level-1 Rate 200 kHz, Lat. 20 ms Muon+ Calo + Tracks Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  26. Phase 2 Calorimeter upgrade • No upgrade is required for the EM and Hadronic calorimeter to run at HL LHC. • The FE electronics (both LAr and Tile) needs however to be replaced. The idea is to move off-detector data from each collision (no on-detector buffering) and do L0, L1 processing off detector. • Hadronicendcap is designed for 1000 fb-1. A replacement is considered. • Forward calorimeter (3.2 < |n| < 4.9) may have overheating problems at high luminosities. A complete new system could be installed or just a new calorimeter in front of the existing one. Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  27. Phase 2 Muon spectrometer upgrade New trigger chambers Extra layers with more resolution High resolution forward chambers Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

  28. Summary A sophisticated apparatus like ATLAS needs constant care to operate efficiently. This is even more true if optimal performance has to be maintained over 20 years with a luminosity increase of a factor of 5 (and possibly more) compared to the original design. ATLAS has a three stage upgrade plan, following the LHC upgrade, with the emphasis on: • Replacing detectors damaged by radiation or saturated by the luminosity increase. • Add flexibility to the trigger system and bandwidth to the readout. • Replace obsolete components with newer and more maintainable technologies. Paolo Morettini - ICNFP 2013

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