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Elements and Bonds

Elements and Bonds. Why the Periodic Families are so important!!. Classification of Elements. Metals Most elements are metals (91) Good conductors of heat and electricity Ductile (wires) and malleable (shaped or formed) Examples: Lithium, Calcium, Iron, Silver, Aluminum

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Elements and Bonds

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  1. Elements and Bonds Why the Periodic Families are so important!!

  2. Classification of Elements Metals • Most elements are metals (91) • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Ductile (wires) and malleable (shaped or formed) • Examples: Lithium, Calcium, Iron, Silver, Aluminum • Lose Electrons when combining with other elements Silver Aluminum Calcium Lithium Iron

  3. Continued… Oxygen • Nonmetals • All non metals are found on the right side except for Hydrogen. • Solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature • Poor conductors of heat and electricity • Most are not shiny • Examples: Hydrogen, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon • Gain or share electrons when bonding with other elements Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Sulfur

  4. Continued • Metalloids/Semiconductors • Share properties of metals and nonmetals • Can conduct electricity under certain circumstances • Used in many electronics • Examples: Bismuth, Silicon, Germanium • Can lose or gain electrons in moderation with other elements Germanium Silicon Bismuth

  5. Inert Gases • Do not lose or gain electrons easily • Already are stable elements • Noble Gases

  6. Element Song  • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPq3SEteEJc

  7. Valence Electrons • Electrons found in the outermost shell of an element • 8 valence electrons are ideal and make an element stable • Elements lose or gain electrons when bonding • Bonding between elements creates compounds • Example: • Hydrogen H+ Oxygen O= H2O

  8. Ionic BondsMetals and Non Metals • Elements bond so that they are stable • Positive and negative charges combine in an ionic bond • Ionic compounds can conduct electricity in water • Example: • Sodium Na+ Chlorine Cl= NaCl • Sodium has a +1 charge and Chlorine has a -7, total of 8 • Chlorine takes sodium's electron and together they make NaCl

  9. Covalent BondsNon Metals and Non Metals • Share electrons between each other to reach 8 • Can be solids, liquids or gases • Can be polar or non polar • Polar- unequal sharing of electrons • Non polar- electrons shared equally • Example: Nitrogen N + Hydrogen H= NH3

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