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Understanding IPv6 and ICMPv6 Advantages and Functions

This chapter covers the advantages of IPv6 over IPv4, including addressing formats, header structures, and transition strategies. It also explores ICMPv6 changes and functions, making it essential for grasping the Next Generation of networking protocols.

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Understanding IPv6 and ICMPv6 Advantages and Functions

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  1. Chapter 27 Next Generation: IPv6 and ICMPv6 Objectives Upon completion you will be able to: • Understand the shortcomings of IPv4 • Know the IPv6 address format, address types, and abbreviations • Be familiar with the IPv6 header format • Know the extension header types • Know the differences between ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 • Know the strategies for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  2. 27.1 IPv6 IPv6 has these advantages over IPv4: 1. larger address space 2. better header format 3. new options4. allowance for extension5. support for resource allocation 6. support for more security The topics discussed in this section include: IPv6 Addresses Address Space Assignment Packet Format Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6 TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  3. Figure 27.1IPv6 address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  4. Figure 27.2Abbreviated address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  5. Figure 27.3Abbreviated address with consecutive zeros TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  6. Figure 27.4CIDR address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  7. Figure 27.5Address structure TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  8. The below table shows the prefix for each type of address. TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  9. Table 27.1 Type prefixes for IPv6 addresses TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  10. Figure 27.6Provider-based address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  11. Figure 27.7Address hierarchy TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  12. Unspecified address • It is a sub block containing only one single address,which is defined by letting all suffix bits to zeros. • It is used during bootstrap when a host does not know its own address and wants to send an inquiry to find it. • It should never be used as destination address. • The CIDR notation for this is ::/128 TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  13. Figure 27.8Unspecified address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  14. TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  15. Loopback address • It also consists of one single address. • It is used by an host to test itself without going into network. • In this case message is created in the application layer ,sent to the transport layer and passed to network layer. • However,instead of going to the physical network it returns to the transport layer then passes to application layer. TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  16. It is useful for testing the functions of software packages in these layers before even connecting the computer to the network. • It is denoted as ::1/128 TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  17. Figure 27.9Loopback address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  18. Embedded IPv4 addresses • During the transition from IPv4 to IPv6,hosts can use their IPv4 addresses embedded inIPv6. • There are two formats: • Compatible address • Mapped address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  19. Compatible address • It is used when computer using IPv6 wants to send a message to a computer using IPv6. • However,suppose the packet passes through TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  20. Figure 27.10Compatible address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  21. Figure 27.11Mapped address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  22. Figure 27.12Link local address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  23. Figure 27.13Site local address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  24. Figure 27.14Multicast address TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  25. Figure 27.15IPv6 datagram TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  26. Figure 27.16Format of an IPv6 datagram TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  27. Table 27.2 Next header codes TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  28. Table 27.3 Priorities for congestion-controlled traffic TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  29. Table 27.4 Priorities for noncongestion-controlled traffic TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  30. Table 27.5 Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6 packet header TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  31. Figure 27.17Extension header format TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  32. Figure 27.18Extension header types TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  33. Figure 27.19Hop-by-hop option header format TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  34. Figure 27.20The format of options in a hop-by-hop option header TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  35. Figure 27.21Pad1 TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  36. Figure 27.22PadN TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  37. Figure 27.23Jumbo payload TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  38. Figure 27.24Source routing TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  39. Figure 27.25Source routing example TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  40. Figure 27.26Fragmentation TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  41. Figure 27.27Authentication TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  42. Figure 27.28Calculation of authentication data TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  43. Figure 27.29Encrypted security payload TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  44. Figure 27.30Transport mode encryption TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  45. Figure 27.31Tunnel-mode encryption TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  46. Table 27.6 Comparison between IPv4 options and IPv6 extension headers TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  47. 27.2 ICMPv6 ICMPv6, while similar in strategy to ICMPv4, has changes that makes it more suitable for IPv6. ICMPv6 has absorbed some protocols that were independent in version 4. The topics discussed in this section include: Error Reporting Query TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  48. Figure 27.32Comparison of network layers in version 4 and version 6 TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  49. Figure 27.33Categories of ICMPv6 messages TCP/IP Protocol Suite

  50. Figure 27.34General format of ICMP messages TCP/IP Protocol Suite

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