Sun Tzu's Art of War: Ancient Military Strategies for Success

1. Presented by: Nashrah Hanum Zainal Abidin Raja Ainul Bismi Raja Abd Hadi Fathilah Mohamed Aris

2. SUN TZU“THE ART OF WAR” "The purpose of war is peace"

3. Chinese military treatise. • Written by Sun Tzu in the 6th century BC. • Military strategies & tactics of its time. • One of the oldest & most successful books on military strategy. • Influence on Eastern military thinking, business tactics, & beyond. • Was translated into the French & English. • Been applied to business & managerial strategies. Statue of Sun Tzu in Yurihama, Tottori, Japan

4. Philosophy: "winning without conflict.“ • Its philosophy has several aspects: • Understanding strategic positions, • Collecting competitive information & recognizing opportunities, • Automatically selecting moves that minimize losses and avoid dangerous situations, • Instantly recognizing the specifics of situations and the responses they require, • Getting the most out of each move and securing advantages Image of Sun Tzu

5. Chapter 1 -Laying Plans “The art of war is of vital importance to the State.” Laying Plans/The Calculations explores the five fundamental factors (the Way, seasons, terrain, leadership, and management) and seven elements that define a successful outcome. By thinking, assessing and comparing these points you can calculate a victory, deviation from them will ensure failure. Remember that war is a very grave matter of state.

6. Chapter 2 -Waging War “In the operations of war, where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots, as many heavy chariots, and a hundred thousand mail-clad soldiers, with provisions enough to carry them a thousand li,the expenditure at home and at the front, including entertainment of guests, small items such as glue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armor, will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. Such is the cost of raising an army of 100,000 men.” Waging War/The Challenge explains how to understand the economy of war and how success requires making the winning play, which in turn, requires limiting the cost of competition and conflict.

7. Chapter 3 -Attack By Stratagem “In the practical art of war, the best thing of all is to take the enemy’s country whole and intact; to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to capture a regiment, a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them.” Attack by Stratagem/The Plan of Attack defines the source of strength as unity, not size, and the five ingredients that you need to succeed in any war. In order of importance: Attack, Strategy, Alliances, Army, lastly Cities.

8. Chapter 4 -Tactical Dispositions/Positioning “The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.” Tactical Dispositions/Positioning explains the importance of defending existing positions until you can advance them and how you must recognize opportunities, not try to create them.

9. Chapter 5 - Energy/Directing “A clever fighter is one who not only wins, but excels in winning with ease.” Energy/Directing explains the use of creativity and timing in building your momentum.

10. Chapter 6 - Weak Points & Strong/Illusion and Reality "Whoever is first in the field and awaits the coming of the enemy will be fresh for the fight; whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive exhausted." Weak Points & Strong/Illusion and Reality explains how your opportunities come from the openings in the environment caused by the relative weakness of your enemy in a given area.

11. Chapter 7 - Maneuvering/Engaging The Force “Move only if there is a real advantage to be gained..” “..when you move, fall like a thunderbolt.” Maneuvering/Engaging The Force explains the dangers of direct conflict and how to win those confrontations when they are forced upon you.

12. Chapter 8 - Variation in Tactics/The Nine Variations "The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy's not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him; not on the chance of his not attacking, but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable." Variation in Tactics/The Nine Variations focuses on the need for flexibility in your responses. It explains how to respond to shifting circumstances successfully.

13. Seek Circumstances Which Assure Victory from Sun Tzu • Thus, there are five points in which victory may be predicted: • He who knows when to fight and when not to fight will win. (scheduling) • He who understands how to handle both superior and inferior forces will win. (system of play) • He whose ranks are united in purpose will win. (chemistry) • He who is well prepared and lies in wait for an enemy who is not well prepared will win. (practice) • He whose generals are able and not interfered with by the sovereign will win. (leadership)

14. 6 Points that turns the Art of War into Actions 1) Win All Without Fighting : Capturing Your Market without Destroying It 2) Avoid Strength, Attack Weakness: Striking Where the Competition is Vulnerable 3) Foreknowledge: Maximizing the Power of BusinessIntelligence 4) Speed and Preparation: Moving Swiftly to Overcome the Competition 5) Shaping the Opponent: Employing Strategy to Masterthe Competition 6) Character-based Leadership: Leading by Example

15. #1 Win All Without Fighting Your aim must be to take All-under-Heaven intact. Thus your troops are not worn out and your gains will be complete. This is the art of offensive strategy.

16. #2 Avoid Strength, Attack Weakness Now an army may be likened to water, for just as flowing water avoids heights and hastens to the lowlands, so an army avoids strengths and attacks weakness.

17. #3 Foreknowledge: Determine the enemy’s plans and you will know which strategy will be successful and which will not.

18. #4 Speed and Preparation Speed is the essence of war. Take advantage of the enemy's lack of preparedness; travel by unexpected routes and strike him where he has taken no precautions Preparation “ He who excels at resolving difficulties does so before they arise. He who excels in conquering his enemies triumphs before threats materialize.

19. #5 Shaping the Opponent Therefore, those skilled in war bring the enemy to the field of battle and are not brought there by him.

20. #6 Character-based Leadership “ By command I mean the general’s qualities of wisdom, sincerity, humanity, courage and strictness.” - If wise , a commander is able to recognize changing circumstances and to act expediently. - If sincere , his men will have no doubt of the certainty of rewards and punishments. - If humane , he loves mankind, sympathizes with others, and appreciates their industry and toil. - If courageous , he gains victory by seizing opportunity without hesitation. - If strict , his troops are disciplined because they are in awe of him and are afraid of punishment.”

21. Chapter 9The Army on the March The knowledge of the military. Mountains. Rivers. Marshes. Plain. The opponent act or gesture. If the enemy shows their increased preparation- the enemy will conduct a war in advance. if the enemy lights the chariots and take up a position on the wings - is forming for battle. The army itself. need to be treated with humanity even though they are kept under disciplines The role of general or person in charge during the battle.

22. Chapter 10 Terrain 6 kinds of terrain which connected to the Earth. Accessible ground Entangling ground Temporizing ground Narrow passes Precipitious heights Position or distance from the enemy. 6 faults for which the general is responsible. Flight. Insubordination. Collapse. Ruin. Disorganization. Rout.

23. Chapter 11The Nine Situations 9 important situations which normally happened during the war. Dispersive ground. Facile ground. Contentious ground. Open ground. Intersecting highways. Serious ground. Difficult ground. Hammed in ground. Desperate ground

24. Chapter 12 The Attack by Fire Several ways of attacking by fire. Burn soldier camp. Burn stores. Burn baggage train. Burn weapons, other implements, bullion and clothing. Dropping fire amongst the enemy. The developments which connected with fire. When fire breaks out inside to enemy’s camp, respond at once with an attack from without. When there is outbreak fire and the enemy’s soldiers remain quiet bide your time and do not attack. When the force of the flames has reached its height, follow it up with an attack, if that is practicable, if not stay where you are.

25. Chapter 12 The Attack by Fire When there is possible to make an assault with fire from without do not wait for it to break out within but deliver your attack at a favorable moment. Start the fire on windward not attack on leeward. The proper season before attacking by fire – have their own day The movements of the star – need a proper calculation so that will know the movement of the wind during the attacking by fire.

26. Chapter 13 The Use of Spies Local spies Inward spies Converted spies Doomed spies Surviving spies Once the information or news of the enemy could be gathering safely and accurate, then they will achieve great results.

27. Lesson Learnt - the Art of War • Clear objectives and mission of projects that will be managed • Place what we fight over, understands your customer • The first step is Analysis, not Planning, in comparative. • The 4 attack plan – Battle, Siege, Surprise, Deception • Success is profiting from winning. • There are different attacks for different skills, therefore analyze the environment, • understands it and began to actions. • The heart of Sun Tzu’s system is managing information. Managing information important in order to conquer and be successful. • Time beyond our control. We do not control trends over time. Thus, anaylze and understands the environment, competitors and customers are important in order to know the latest trends.

28. Lesson Learnt - the Art of War • Know yourself, your opposition, and the environment within which interaction will occur. • Rely on your own preparations. Do not hope for success based on the opposition not preparing. • At all times, and especially when strategies are in play, seek to keep all resources in profitable and advantageous positions. Likewise, quickly liquidate unprofitable positions and minimize exposure to situations with inordinate risk to uncertain market movements.

29. Thank You