Oh No, Not PowerPoint!

1. Oh No, Not PowerPoint! By PowerPoint_bot73738

2. Table of Contents • Typos • Punctuation • Citation

3. Typos • Typos = misspelling something, right? • Wrong! It’s not that simple.

4. Error: True Misspelling • Yeah, sometimes we just flub up and misspell something. • “MRIs Show Adolesent-Adult Differences in Reward Anticipation” • Check the source!

5. Solution: True Misspelling • Spellcheck: Yes! • Grammar Check: No! • Proofread: Maybe! • Outside Reader: Probably!

6. Error: Transposition • Typing is not simple. It’s easy to mix letters up. • “At the time in which the yearbook was supposed to come out, we wree already thinking that we would like to publish more of our work through the Internet…”

7. Solution: Transposition • Spellcheck: Maybe! • Grammar Check: Maybe! • Proofread: Maybe! • Outside Reader: Probably!

8. Error: Homonymy • English has too many words that sound alike! • “In Shinto their are eight million kami, however the number eight also used to denote many, so lets just say their are lots of them.”

9. Solution: Homonymy • Spellcheck: No! • Grammar Check: Yes! • Proofread: Maybe! • Outside Reader: Probably!

10. Error: Unnecessary Morphology • Our brain is faster than our fingers. • “I will accepted Disquisitions over e-mail any time…”

11. Solution: Unnecessary Morphology • Spellcheck: No! • Grammar Check: Maybe! • Proofread: Maybe! • Outside Reader: Probably!

12. Error: Missing Morphology • As I said, our brain is faster than our fingers. • “Mora rolled a ball he thought was foul off or behind the plate, but it went fair and Sexson got it and stepped on first.”

13. Solution: Missing Morphology • Spellcheck: No! • Grammar Check: Maybe! • Proofread: Maybe! • Outside Reader: Probably!

14. Error: Missing Words • Our brain is way faster than our fingers. • “He wanted find a use for the wood left over after the car was assembled.”

15. Solution: Missing Words • Spellcheck: No! • Grammar Check: Maybe! • Proofread: Maybe! • Outside Reader: Probably!

16. Error: Phonological Misinterpretation • ATTENTION: The English spelling system is broken. • “The way I see it, I have two auctions: one, I can stay here; two, I…”

17. Solution: Phonological Misinterpretation • Spellcheck: No! • Grammar Check: No! • Proofread: Maybe! • Outside Reader: Probably!

18. Is There a Moral…? • Professors often demonize typos. But are they your fault? • No! • Aside from misspelling, every other typo has to to do with typing efficiency and motor control.

19. What’s to Be Done? • Typos happen to everyone all the time. • The best we can do is help each other out.

20. Table of Contents • Typos • Punctuation • Citation

21. What Is Punctuation? • ifyoutypeenglishlikethisyourelosingsomethingveryimportantwhatisitwellnooneactuallyspeaksthewaythisistyped • Writing is an attempt to transcribe speech. Letters get the words okay, but punctuation tells you the intonation.

22. Important Point • Two types of rules: mandatory and observational. • “Grammarians” think punctuation is a set of mandatory rules. It is not: it’s a set of observational rules.

23. End Punctuation • Periods, question marks and exclamation points tell you something about the global intonation of the sentence. • Think about how a sentence sounds to figure out what ending punctuation to use.

24. Three Sentences • I hate spiders. • I hate spiders? • I hate spiders!

25. The Controversial Comma • There is no place where there has to be a comma in prose. (Addresses, yes; prose, no.) • Comma = pause in speech; not the end. • Common places: before conjunctions, surrounding preposition phrases, after objects, etc.

26. Semi-colons?! • There is no trick; using these is rather difficult. Here are some tips: • Two clauses are connected thematically. • Two clauses can’t stand on their own as separate sentences. • Lists whose members are long. • Practice!

27. Colons • That which follows a colon is either a list, or something you’ve set up. • I want you to do three things: first, clean your room; second, take out the trash; and third, destroy the sun.

28. Colons Continued! • Finally, after a long day of sitting through boring lectures and PowerPoint presentations, I could do the one thing I’d been looking forward to all day: relax.

29. The Dash! • Any time speech is cut off–for any reason you can think of–you use a dash. • Note: Dash = –, — or --. Hyphen = -.

30. Parentheses • For something (and by “something”, I mean “text”) that you don’t want to be a part of the main clause. • Note: Parentheses alternate: ( [ ( ) ] ).

31. Ellipses • Any time you want to kind of…trail off… • Can be used for effect, e.g., “I wonder if Johnson ever considered what would happen to his precious stapler if he decided to step out of the office for a few days…”

32. Quote Marks • First, to quote stuff. • Second, to indicate that a word is being used: He said “like” like twenty times! • Like Parentheses: “…‘…“…”…’…”

33. Hyphens • For a word break across a line boundary. • Compound words: Don’t tell my brother, though, ‘cause he always tells Mom. He’s the worst teller-on-er I know!

34. Apostrophes • Three main uses: • Slang: Wha’cha gonna’ do. • Contractions: I couldn’t’ve’d seen her! • The hapless English genitive.

35. The Hapless English Genitive • Here they are: • X’s Y: the boy’s cake • Xs’ Ys: the girls’ cakes • Xs’s Y: Cass’s cake • Xs’(s) Y: Indiana Jones’(s) cake • Xses’ Ys: The Joneses’ cakes

36. The Most Important Rule of All • Listen to how your sentence sounds! • Once you know how your sentence is supposed to be spoken, just refer to the various punctuation marks and write it so it sounds that way. That’s all.

37. Table of Contents • Typos • Punctuation • Citation

38. Rationale 1 (Formal) • No individual has all the answers. • We need to refer to stuff. • Citation: Telling your reader what you read; where you got your ideas.

39. Rationale 2 (Informal) • Screenshot or it didn’t happen. • You write, “Clearly, it’s more environmentally sound for Southern Californians to get their water from up north.” • Says who?! You? Who are you?!

40. When to Cite Stuff • Direct quotes. • Terminology. • Paraphrases. • Ideas. • Summaries of any of the above. • “For further information…”.

41. Direct Quotes • Use sparingly. We’re reading your paper because we want to hear what you have to say—not someone else! • Better add something!

42. Terminology • If it’s a term the author invented, or one you don’t agree with (“scare quotes”). • Cf. Marantz: “…the ‘Lexicalist’ position is of course associated with a stronger claim…”

43. Paraphrases • As has been noted, though, the lexicalist position is associated with a stronger claim (Marantz).

44. Others’ Ideas • Lexicalists, on the other hand, believe that words are stored wholesale in the lexicon, regardless of the morphological processes they’ve undergone (Marantz).

45. Summaries • Lexicalists claim their theories have been misrepresented by Chomskyan linguists who misdefine the basic concept of lexicalism, and then proceed to tear their straw man version of lexicalism to shreds (Marantz).

46. Cf. • Adherents of Distributed Morphology have been vocal in their disapproval of lexicalist theories of grammar (cf. Marantz).

47. When to Use a Citation • Foreground: With a novel or other work, it should be clear what you’re talking about. • State the author and the text early, refer to and quote them often.

48. When to Use a Ci2tion • Background: When you’re making an argument, refer to other texts; don’t talk about them. • Quotes and direct references are used less often than simple citations after paraphrases or summaries.

49. Form of a Citation • What you need: (1) Author name; (2) page number. • No page #? Oh well; leave it out. • No author? Use editor. No editor? Use title. No title? Use something.

50. Form of a Citation • “I love ice cream” (Peterson 23). • Hawaiian is an Austronesian language (Ball). • AAA is an American auto insurance provider (www.aaa.com).