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Day 2 Power Point. Focus Activity. Causes . Excerpt from May 7 1919 Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, leader of German delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference:
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Causes Excerpt from May 7 1919 Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, leader of German delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference: No one would want to assert that the disaster began only at that disastrous moment when the successor of Austria-Hungary fell a victim to murderous hands. In the last fifty years, the imperialism of all European states has chronically poisoned international relations. Policies of retaliation, policies of expansion, and disregard for the right of peoples to determine their own destiny, have contributed to the European malady which cam to crisis in the World War… and placed the issue in the hands of the military…
Causes of the First World War • Alliances • Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy • Triple Entente: France, Russia and Great Britain
Causes of the First World War • Imperialism • Spheres of Influence • Berlin Conference and the “Scramble for Africa” The Rhodes Colossus
Causes of the First World War • Nationalism • Definition? • Unifications (Italy, Germany) • Self-determination and Ethnic Struggles (e.g. Serbia and Austria-Hungary) • Irredentism • Italy – Trieste, Istria and Gorizia • France – Alsace-Lorraine
Causes of the First World War • Militarism • Massive military buildup in the late 19th and early 20th centuries • Impact of industrialization • Nervous, tense environment (Invasion Novels The Riddle of the Sands by Erskine Childers)
Immediate Cause • Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and wife Sophie • Heir to the Austrian Imperial throne • Murdered by Gavrilo Princip • 19-year-old member of Black Hand • Serbian • Sarajevo, Bosnia (recently annexed by A-H) • St. Vitus Day (June 28, 1914) • Commemorates 1389 Battle of Kosovo • Austria blames Serbia; sends ultimatum
Immediate Cause • Balkans – “powder keg of Europe” Gavrilo Princip Archduke Franz Ferdinand Who’s who?