Multimedia in Teaching & Learning

1. Multimedia in Teaching & Learning By James Warnshuis, Alyson Harris, and Alicia Graham

2. What is Multimedia in Teaching and Learning? • a combination of different types of media such as video, sound, animations, and text which can be used to deliver information to an audience with the goal of allowing information to be processed cognitively, mental representations to be built, and support of the learning process as a whole

3. What is Multimedia in Teaching and Learning? • a combination of “various forms of content such as graphics, animation, pictures, videos, sound, and text (Alessi & Trollip, 2001; Han et. al, 2005).” • simply a vehicle to deliver information versus a different way to process information cognitively • “Multimedia learning is the act of building mental representations, from text and pictures, and presenting it to support the learning process (Mayer, 2008a).”

4. Tools Computers Handheld Devices Projectors Document Cameras Tutorial

5. Tools Electronic Whiteboard http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nB1lKN01GyU

6. Programs • Powerpoint • Prezi and other presentation websites • Online games • Macromedia Flash • Social Media Systems (Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, etc.)

7. Most Commonly Used Technology Resources • 48% Online lesson plans • 45% Web-based interactive games and activities • 44% Websites to deliver class information • 43% Online video, images and articles From PBS LearningMedia Survey

8. How should I use Multimedia in Teaching and Learning? • Choose media based on audience • Age • Gender • Purpose • Video-based are preferable • User-controlled • Learner Centered • Chunking

9. How should I use Multimedia in Teaching and Learning? Teaching & Learning Styles Passive Active Pictures are from Microsoft Office Clip Art Online

10. How should I use Multimedia in Teaching and Learning? Active learning with interactive multimedia Covers 5 of the 7 broad pedagogical principles outlined by Chickering and Gamson1 • reciprocity and cooperation among students • respect for diverse talents and ways of learning • active learning • prompt feedback • time on task 1Schrand, Tom (2008). Tapping into active learning and multiple intelligences with interactive multimedia. College Teaching, 56(2), pp. 78-84.

11. Connect Multimedia to whole group instruction. Introduction • Find an interesting way to introduce the lesson. Lesson • Include pictures, videos and sound throughout the lesson for continual attention. Remediation • Online games, YouTube videos, and visual games can be used for continual practice. Assessment • Different methods of assessment can be utlized i.e online

12. What impact does Multimedia have on Teaching and Learning? Emotional- multimedia used in teaching can provide students with motivation to learn because it creates an emotional interest in the material. • Using bright colors , aesthetic pictures and videos and sounds all invoke an emotional interest in the viewer. • Positive and negative emotions play different roles in the cognitive process (Umm & Plass, 2010).

13. What impact does Multimedia have on Teaching and Learning? Academic- Increases retention and higher grades. • Longer attention span • Provokes an continual interest in what is being taught • Attention grasping • Because of the effects multimedia has on the cognitive process

14. What impact does Multimedia have on Teaching and Learning? Independent vs Dependent Learning • Select appropriate material to learn lesson on there own time. • note taking from videos • computer researching • Independent Learning Centers • technology centers (remediation) • reading centers (ipods)

15. What impact does Multimedia have on Teaching and Learning? PBS Learning Media Survey • 74% of teachers say technology motivates students • 74% of teachers says it allows them to reinforce and expand on content • 73% of teachers say technology allows them to respond to a variety of learning styles • 65% of teachers responded that technology allows them to demonstrate things that cannot be shown in any other way

16. Negative Effects of Multimedia in Learning Cognitive Overload • Large quantity instead of effective quality can be ineffective Incorrect Utilization • Teachers complacency • Can provide distraction from task at hand

17. How does Multimedia in Teaching and Learning impact a biblical worldview? Jesus modeled using visuals in His teaching • Jesus used stories and visuals to make things to create interest Zuck, R. B. (1995). Teaching as Jesus taught. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers.

18. How does Multimedia in Teaching and Learning impact a biblical worldview? Jesus modeled using visuals in His teaching • Jesus used stories and visuals to make things to create interest • Jesus regularly used visuals to enhance His teaching Zuck, R. B. (1995). Teaching as Jesus taught. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers.

19. How does Multimedia in Teaching and Learning impact a biblical worldview? Jesus modeled using visuals in His teaching • Jesus used stories and visuals to make things to create interest • Jesus regularly used visuals to enhance His teaching • Jesus reached people at their level and interests Zuck, R. B. (1995). Teaching as Jesus taught. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers.

20. How does Multimedia in Teaching and Learning impact a biblical worldview? Educators need to use spiritual discernment and guidance in using technology • We need to make sure that we don't make the Bible seem like just stories, but spiritual truth. • We need to guide people to proper use of technology.

21. Sources • Videos from youtube.com • Clipart from Microsoft Office Clip Art Online • Picture of document camera http://www.epson.com/cgi-bin/Store/jsp/Product.do?sku=V12H500020 • Picture of handheld devices http://pandodaily.com/2012/12/24/the-short-but-effective-window-where-ereaders-changed-the-industry/ereader/

22. Sources • Um, J. L., & Plass, J. (2010). Emotional design in multimedia learning. Emotional design • Slide 12 Chen, C., & Sun, Y. (2012). Assessing the effects of different multimedia materials on emotions and learning performance for visual and verbal style learners. Computers and Education, 59(4), 1273-1285. DOI:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.05.006.

23. Sources • Slide 8 Kim, S., Kim, H., Cheon, J., & Han, S. (2011). Examining differences of users' perceptions of multimedia content types in a national online learning system. ASIA-PACIFIC EDUCATION RESEARCHER, 20(3), 621-628. Retrieved June 3, 2013, from the Education Research Complete database. Pohnl, S., & Bogner, F. X. (2012). Learning with computer-based multimedia: Gender effects on efficiency. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 47(4), 387-407. Retrieved June 3, 2013, from the Education Full Text database. Rajabee, Y., Santally, M., & Cooshna-Naik, D. (2012). The split attention effect of learning on outcomes in a multimedia learning environment. International Journal of Learning, 18(9), 241-261. Retrieved June 3, 2013, from the Education Research Complete database.

24. Sources • Slide 8 Zhuhadar, L., & Yang, R. (2013). The impact of Social Multimedia Systems on cyberlearners. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(2), 378-385. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2012.09.009. • Slide 3 Chen, C., & Sun, Y. (2012). Assessing the effects of different multimedia materials on emotions and learning performance for visual and verbal style learners. Computers and Education, 59(4), 1273-1285. DOI:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.05.006. Daesang, K., Dong-Joong, K., & Woo-Hyung, W. (2013). Cognitive synergy in multimedia learning. International Education Studies, 6(4), 76-84. DOI: 10.5539/ies.v6n4p76.