Transformational Forces: Signals for Caribbean Institutions of Higher Education and their Managers

1. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformational Forces:Signals for CaribbeanInstitutions of Higher Educationand their Managers Professor Neville Ying Mona School of Business U.W.I., Mona July 2002

2. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformation of Education Dictated by the forces of globalisation

3. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Globalization • Negative Contraction of business in the formal economy • Positive: Opportunities for new business and job creation

4. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Process of Education • Operating in a scenario in which social development issues have taken centre stage in the international arena.

5. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Major Socio-Economic Problems • Ageing • Young Population • Downsizing • Formal & Informal Economy • Unemployment Source: Ying 2002

6. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Major social Problems- Vulnerable Groups • Persons with HIV/AIDS • Persons who are unemployed • Workers with limited or no protection against illness or incapacity, who are at serious risk, if they have to stop working because of these factors. Source: Ying 2002

7. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Major social Problems- Vulnerable Groups • Persons that have been dislodged from their homes as a result of natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, earthquake or volcanic eruptions • Persons who live in abject poverty Source: Ying 2002

8. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Globalization & DevelopingCountries • Coping with globalization through Education • Human Resource Development • Building of Intellectual Capital

9. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Globalization & DevelopingCountries: • The challenge is to find the optimum blend between the ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ skills. • Education and training programmes need to harmonize the hard areas of technical and technological skills with the skills. • Increasing emphasis on the soft areas of leadership, critical thinking, creativity, innovation, and team spirit.

10. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Institutions of higher education- Role in national development Need to be concerned with the development of human resources with focus on: • The creation of social capital • trust, reciprocity, cooperation and commitment as essential building blocks for team-building and partnerships. •  Technical and technological skills

11. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Overview of major areas • Major signals for transformation • Implications for managers in institutions of higher education • Responses to signals for transformation

12. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Signals for transformation • Corporate social responsibility • Decent work • Productivity and quality

13. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Corporate social responsibility (CSR) • Concerned with the responsibility of organizations to contribute, with sustained impact to the human and social development of society.

14. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Corporate social responsibility Institutions of Higher Learning should: • Enhance opportunities to offer new areas of services of CSR; for example, training and research • Have direct engagement with communities as an integral part of their core functions

15. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Corporate Social Responsibilitycont’d Enabling factors to operationalise CSR: • Policies • Management of Resources

16. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Corporate Social Responsibilitycont’d Policies For Institutions of Higher Education: Core strategies which guide managerial and professional actions and performance must be aligned to the interventions for solving pressing social problems such as crime and violence, HIV/AIDS, illiteracy and the shortage of trained and educated persons

17. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Corporate Social Responsibilitycont’d Policies Institutions of Higher Education could focus on: • Creation of social capital as well as community involvement and outreach are important components for both the institutional strategies and performance management system • Requiring levels and categories of staff to work towards the common objective of making an impact on important social problems in the society

18. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Corporate Social Responsibilitycont’d Challenges • Operating in an environment of increasing budget deficits • Expected to display increased scope and quality of Corporate Social Responsibility Important to plan and implement creative strategies for maximizing the impact and value of available resources

19. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Corporate Social Responsibilitycont’d Important to operate: • High performance work teams • A range of internal and external partnerships and collaborative arrangements The aim should be to maximize the synergistic impact of a network of competencies to tackle complex and difficult social problems

20. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Decent Work • Key strategy for addressing the needs of vulnerable groups • Initiated by the International Labour Organization (ILO) • Involves two important considerations: • Human Rights • Social protection

21. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Decent Work Human Rights Decent work requires adherence to core labour standards at the workplace. Core Labour Standards are: • Freedom of association • Right to collective bargaining • Elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour • Abolition of child labour • Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Source: M. Hansenne; 1998 ILO Declaration

22. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Decent Work Social Protection: • Income security • Social Security Benefits • For example, pension and health schemes • Social Assistance

23. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Decent Work cont’d Intrinsically related to job creation and its two basic objectives: • Mass employment • For example, construction sites and garment factories • Creation of jobs that can have long-term effect on economic growth and competitive advantage

24. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Decent Work cont’d • Highlights the importance of education and training as key vehicles for employment and economic development • This is especially important when employment in the formal sector declines and persons have to utilize their technical, social and entrepreneurial skills for self-employment.

25. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Decent Workcont’d Institutions of Higher Education must: • Address the imperative of providing graduates who can contribute meaningfully to long-term economic development and competitive advantage. • Ensure that policies and practices related to work for all categories of employees must incorporate the: • Human rights and social protection dimensions of decent work. • Value added component that will ensure the sustained growth, development and competitive advantage of the institutions.

26. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Productivity and Quality • Productivity is the key determinant of organizations and nations operating in an internationally competitive marketplace • Quality is an imperative for customer satisfaction • Use of technology and the combination of people and technology to achieve high levels of productivity and quality

27. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Productivity and Quality cont’d The importance of productivity and quality in higher education: • The transformation of an elite higher education system to a mass system • An increased accountability within higher education. Source: Scott Eriksen; 1995

28. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Productivity and Quality cont’d • Institutions of Higher Education must: • Use standards which have international credibility and acceptability • Benchmark

29. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Productivity and Qualitycont’d Application of Benchmarking to Institutions of Higher Learning – Importance of Data • Facilities/Estate management for which information was collected on: • Salaries and wages • Fuel • Power and water • Maintenance of buildings • Furniture and equipment • Laundry and linen costs • Food cost per student meal • Student income • Percentage occupancy (term and vacation) loan finance Source: Norman Jackson, 2001

30. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Productivity and Qualitycont’d • Library and information services for which information was collected on: • Availability of up-to-date stock • Staff development • Ability and approachability • User experience, education and feedback • Innovation • The learning environment Source: Norman Jackson, 2001

31. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Productivity and Qualitycont’d Increased access to higher education in the Caribbean region as a result of different types of: • Public and private institutions offering tertiary level programmes • Overseas institutions offerings • A mixture of on campus and distance learning delivery modes

32. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Responses to Signals forTransformation • Transformational Leadership • New Paradigms for Roles and Functions

33. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformational Leadership • Ingredients include: • Visioning • Innovation and creativity • Competencies • Values and ethical behaviour of the leader • Empowerment and development of followers Source: Draft 2002 & Mullins, 1999

34. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transactional Leadership Ingredients include: • Achievement of objectives • Execution of tasks with efficiency

35. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformational Leadershipcont’d • Both transformational and transactional leadership are important to the success of the organization • For effective creation and management of change in an internationally competitive marketplace transformational must have the greater emphasis.

36. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformational Leadershipcont’d Creating the productivity culture required in this environment requires: • More than the normal incremental changes • Quantum leap changes at the workplace Transformational leadership can create these quantum leap changes. Source: Ying 2002

37. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformational Leadershipcont’d • The impact of transformational leadership at the workplace will be the achievement of Beyond Normal Performance (BNP)

38. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformational Leadershipcont’d The visioning process in the Institutions of Higher Education should be concerned with inventing future operational scenarios which: • Reflect adaptability, competitive advantage and nimbleness • Are sensitive to the economic, social and cultural realities of the Caribbean region Institutions of Higher Education should accommodate the imperatives of the CSME while providing enabling leadership for it

39. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformational Leadershipcont’d Organizational structure and modes of management in the Institutions of HE demonstrate best practices worthy of emulation and replication

40. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformational Leadershipcont’d Institutions of HE must therefore be brave and committed to experiment with new and emerging management practices including: • Management by moving around with accent on interpersonal relationships

41. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformational Leadershipcont’d • Management through high performance work teams involving an appropriate mix of academic and administrative and support staff • Reliance on self-regulation and self-motivation in performance expectations and performance management

42. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Transformational Leadershipcont’d The effect of the leadership style is that it inspires or motivates followers, gains commitment from followers, changes attitudes, beliefs, and/or goals of individuals, changes norms of the organization, makes subordinates feel that they are being treated as individuals, helps individuals see problems in new ways, communicates and transmits a vision of the organization. Source: Nancy Landrum et al, 2000

43. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ New Paradigms forRoles and Functions Institutions of Higher Education should contemplate the use of new paradigms related to: • Financial Management and Development • Human Resource Management • Marketing

44. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ New Paradigms for Roles and Functions cont’d. New paradigms should: • Focus on future and the development of a mindset for transformation • Serve the dual purpose of actualizing the strategic intentions of the institution • Apply formative evaluation processes to determine their continuing relevance and efficacy

45. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Financial Management andDevelopment • Institutions of Higher education should focus on Business Development with the fundamental goals: • Financial self-sufficiency • Competitive advantage • Relevance and value added contributions to national and regional development • Cost management • Adventure into new ventures • The practice of entrepreneurial skills

46. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Financial Management and Development cont’d The creation of a culture that maximizes the synergistic use of the wide range of competencies residing in institutions of HE

47. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Human Resource Management Institutions of Higher education should focus on: • Human Resource Management • Competencies that are aligned with the strategic vision and plan of the institution

48. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Human Resource Management cont’d • The starting point of this approach will be a focus on competencies that are aligned with the strategic vision and plan of the institution

49. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Human Resource Managementcont’d Institutions of Higher education should focus on: • Selection of the ‘right person for the right job’ • Empowerment • Staff that development will make value added contribution to customer satisfaction of the main customers, THE STUDENTS.

50. ACHEA Conference July 2002 ‘The Challenge Of Quality for the Higher Education Administrative Professional.’ Marketing Institutions of Higher Education should focus on: • Institutional marketing • Marketing of specific programmes, courses and services • Integrated use of new graduates of the institution through direct employment • Combined use of outsourcing and internal staff in the performance of critical marketing functions.