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Humanistic psychology

Humanistic psychology. It is known as the third force. The first force : Freudian determinism: your behavior is determined by the unconscious The second force : behaviorism: your behavior is determined by the environment

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Humanistic psychology

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  1. Humanistic psychology

  2. It is known as the third force • The first force: Freudian determinism: your behavior is determined by the unconscious • The second force: behaviorism: your behavior is determined by the environment • The third force: embraces human freedom, and forces of self-actualization --includes both humanism and existentialism, and transpersonal psychology

  3. Humanistic Psychology Founders • Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) • Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

  4. Abraham Maslow Main Points • Emphasis on the healthy individual, on what the person can become. • Hierarchy of needs: • deficit needs: physiological, safety, belonging, esteem • Being needs (in self-actualizing person) truth, goodness, beauty, unity, wholeness, and transcendence of opposites, aliveness, uniqueness, perfection and necessity, completion, justice and order, simplicity, richness, effortlessness, playfulness, self-sufficiency, meaningfulness.

  5. Carl Rogers’ Main Points • Self-actualizing tendency present in all • The importance of unconditional positive regard • The presence of conditional positive regard in society and in ourselves causes us to develop an ideal self • The incongruity between our ideal self and our real self makes us sick • Encountering unconditional positive regard (as in client-centered therapy) is healing.

  6. A Fourth Force? • Toward the end of his life, Maslow started a “fourth force”: transpersonal psychology (a holistic approach to psychology, including the spiritual and body-mind processes). • A writer-thinker in this holistic movement (which goes beyond psychology) is Ken Wilber. Q: should we consider Ken Wilber a Francis Galton of sorts?

  7. Existential Psychology • Stresses the importance of choice, even though we may be “thrown” in a particular situation. Freedom is a central concept. • Humans are the only creatures who know that they will die. • Authenticity is a central value.

  8. Existential Psychology: some names • Erich Fromm, 1900-1980 • Rollo May, 1909-1994 • R.D. Laing, 1927-1989 • Viktor Frankl, 1905-1997 The Viktor Frankl Institut

  9. Explore Humanistic Psychology Today • Explore the associations’ webpages • How would you describe that general approach? • How would you differentiate: • Humanistic psychology • Existential psychology • Transpersonal psychology

  10. The End

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