Southern Colonies

1. Southern Colonies Chapter 1 Lesson 4

2. Bell Ringer: The south heavily relied on growing tobacco, rice, and other crops. Growing these crops at demanding rates required a lot of hard labor. How do you think the south met the need for the demands of labor in their crop fields and plantations?

3. Notes: Using your Chapter 3 Notes Paper- Only write was is in RED.

4. Southern colonies- Virginia and Maryland Virginia began to grow so it took a lot of difficult labor to plant, tend, and harvest tobacco crops on which the colony depended. Landowners met this need through the use of African Slaves. The first group of 20 African Slaves arrived in 1619 on a Dutch vessel. Virginia’s first Africans show that not all people came to the colonies of their free will. Farming in the Southern Colonies (and Middle Colonies) was a success. New England wasn’t as successful because of the long winters made farming difficult. England also shipped criminals and prisoners of war to the colonies. They would then earn their release by working for a period of time (about 7 years). Many people came to America working without pay for a certain length of time in exchange for their passage to America. These people were called indentured servants. They worked as servants to pay off their debt.

5. Maryland Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) wanted a safe place for his fellow Catholics who faced persecution in England. Soon after receiving his land grant from King Charles I, he died. His son, Cecilius, inherited the colony and named it Maryland. Cecilius then sent two of his brothers to start the colony in 1634. He gave large estates to English aristocrats (upper-class people) and granted smaller land to settlers. As the plantations grew, so did the need for workers. The colony imported slaves and indentured workers. For years the Calvert and Penn families argued over the boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania. In the 1760’s they hired Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the boundaries and named it the Mason-Dixon Line. The Calvert's welcomed Protestants as well as Catholics. Protestants outnumbered the Catholics so to protect the Catholics the colony started the Act of Toleration in 1649 to ensure Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely. By 1692 Maryland became a royal colony- established in the Protestant church- so as a result Catholics faced similar restrictions as they did in England.

6. Virginia As the colony grew, settlers ,moved West and onto Native American lands. In the 1640’s, in order to prevent war, governor William Berkley made a pledge to Native Americans that in exchange for some land, he would agree to stop settlers from pushing farther into their territory. Many westerners were unhappy with this and some settled in forbidden areas. They then blamed the government for not clearing the colony of Native Americans. Nathaniel Bacon was a young planter in western Virginia. He opposed the colonial government because it was dominated by easterners. In 1676 he let attacks on Native American villages, led a march to Jamestown to drive out Berkeley and burned the town to the ground. Bacon seemed on the verge of taking over the colony, but he became ill and died. With his death, the rebellion faded. England sent troops to restore order in Berkeley. Bacon’s rebellion was IMPORTANT because it showed that the government can not ignore the people.

7. Southern colonies-Carolinas and Georgia In 1663 King Charles II created a proprietary colony south of Virginia called Carolina ,Latin for “Charles Land”. The king gave the colony to eight nobles who set up estates and sold or rented land to settlers brought from England. John Locke, English philosopher, wrote a constitution that outlined the jobs and powers of the colony’s government. It covered land divisions and social rank, “Every man has a property in his own person…The labour of his body, and the work of his hands…are properly his.”

8. carolinias • Carolina did not develop as planned. It split into northern and southern Carolina. Farmers from inland Virginia settled in Northern Carolina. They grew tobacco and sold timber and tar. Northern Carolina lacked a good harbor, so farmers used Virginia’s ports. • Southern Carolina settlers took advantage of fertile land and the harbor at Charles Town (later Charleston). Settlements spread there, and they traded deerskin, lumber, and beef. • Both Carolinas (North and South) grew rice abundantly in the 1680’s. Growing rice requires a lot of labor- so they need for slaves rose. Another important crop was Indigo. Eliza Lucas introducedIndigo into the Carolina plantation system. Indigo is a blue flowering plant used to dye cloth. • By the early 1700’s Carolina’s settlers were growing tired of the proprietor rule. In 1719 settlers in southern Carolina took control from proprietors. In 1729 Carolina became two royal colonies- North and South Carolina.

9. georgia • Britain hoped Georgia would blockade Spanish attacks from Florida. Oglethorpe built forts and towns in Savannah to discourage attacks. • (Charter-holder) James Oglethorpe set strict rules on landholding, slave labor, and rum in Georgia. • This upset the colonists, so he gave in to their demands. Georgia had a slowly growing economy, so Oglethorpe returned Georgia to the king in 1751. 1733 Georgiawas the last of the 13 British Colonies James Oglethorpe received a charter from George II for colony where debtors and poor people could make a fresh start. In Britain, debtors-those who had debts- would be imprisoned if they didn’t pay what they owed.

10. Salem Witch Trial Salem witch trial • We learn through the Salem Witch Trials that • Societytends to createscapegoatsfor its problems. • A Scapegoat is a person who is unfairly blamed for something that others have done • Hundreds of girls were put on trial accused of being “Witches”. Instead of looking at the similarities between the girls (physical reactions, geography, time, weather), and looking for a solution to the problem, the colonists took the easy way out and jumped on the Witch Wagon.

11. Assignment: Southern Colonies Page 81 Page 80 Page 83 Page 83