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Before the U.S. Became A Country…

Before the U.S. Became A Country…. 38,000-10,000 B.C. -1 st humans migrated to North America . 250-900 A.D. -Mayan culture thrived: advanced cities hieroglyphic writing system accurate calendar. 1492 A.D. -Christopher Columbus landed in America

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Before the U.S. Became A Country…

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  1. Before the U.S. Became A Country… 38,000-10,000 B.C. -1st humans migrated to North America 250-900 A.D. -Mayan culture thrived: advanced cities hieroglyphic writing system accurate calendar

  2. 1492 A.D. -Christopher Columbus landed in America (after landing in the Bahamas) -Sent by Spain-looking for a short route to the Indies -Thought he was in the Indies(Asia) 1521 A.D. -Hernando Cortes(Spain) – a conquistador conquered the Aztecs of Mexico with guns, horses, and disease (& 508 men)

  3. 1620 A.D. -Pilgrims arrived from England Separatists – Separated from the Church of Eng. -Signed Mayflower Compact before landing *1st sign of self-government Colony * A settlement begun by a group of people in distant region that is governed by their home country. 1607-1733 A.D. -13 original colonies established(& survived) -Colonies for profit, land gifts from King, royally controlled, & religious safe havens Northern Colonies: ~R.I., N.H., MA, CT ~Resources: forests, textiles, harbors, trade ~Diverse Populations Middle Colonies: ~NY, PA, NJ, DE ~Proprietary (land gift from King) ~Farming & Shipping Southern Colonies: ~MD, VA(1st), NC, SC, GA ~Farming cash crops: tobacco, indigo, cotton ~Slavery=labor force

  4. 1754-1763 A.D. -French & Indian War (French vs. British w/ Native American tribes on both sides) -Fought over control of land & resources -British won & claimed land east of the Mississippi River (Treaty of Paris, 1763) VS British Taxes & Laws -Brits in debt to pay for war Stamp Act: taxed paper items Quartering Act: Colonists forced to feed, clothe & board British soldiers Tea Act: Supported British tea comp., resulted in Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts: repressive laws passed in MA after Boston Tea Party~last straw for many colonists

  5. Continental Congress -Mtng of 1st Continental Congress 1774 56 delegates representing 12 colonies (no GA) -wrote a letter of appeal to the King b/c of the Interolerable Acts ~ the appeal was rejected -agreed to: *boycott some products *form a militia of minutemen (ready @ a minute’s notice) *meet again in the spring & be ready to fight if things weren’t better -angry about taxation w/out representation

  6. April 1775 -Brits ordered to arrest Hancock & Adams Battles of Lexington & Concord in Concord -Paul Revere & Co. sounded the alarm in Lexington (near Concord) Minutemen(70) vs British (700) -Brits marched on to Concord & were surprised by the toughness of the minutemen -Beginning of Revolutionary War Patriot -Colonist in support of minutemen & independence Loyalist -Colonist in support of the King of Eng.

  7. May 1775 -New members T. Jefferson, J. Hancock, 2nd Continental Congress & B. Franklin -Olive Branch Petition sent for peace, King didn’t even read it -Established Continental Army w/ G. Washington as its leader Common Sense -pamphlet written by Thomas Paine -in everyday language, made the argument for independence -got regular colonists fired up!

  8. Declaration of Independence -Thomas Jefferson~main author July 4th, 1776 -Stated that all people have inalienable rights (rights the gov’t cannot take away) Colonial Victory -Yorktown,VA was the last battle October 1781 -General Washington (Am.) defeated General Cornwallis (Brit) w/ the help of Marquis de Lafayette (France) Treaty of Paris -ended the Revolutionary War & gave 1783 the United States its independence

  9. Constitutional Convention -Articles of Confederation had been May 1787 written but had too many weaknesses -Convention met in Philadelphia & James Madison took notes (know as the “Father of the Constitution”) Ratification (approval) -Federalists vs. Antifederalists 1788 (for a strong (for a weaker central gov’t) central gov’t) -antifederalists approved once the Bill of Rights was added, ensuring basic civil rights 1st President -George Washington elected as 1789 1st pres of U.S.

  10. Constitution Highlights Great Compromise -created Senate & House of Rep. (2 per state) (based on pop.) 3/5 Compromise -every 3 out of 5 slaves counted towards state’s population 3 Branches= -3 gov’t branches created a system of Checks & Balances checks & balances so that one branch doesn’t have too much power 1. Executive – enforces laws 2. Judicial – interprets laws 3. Legislative – makes laws Bill of Rights -1st 10 Amendments to the Const. - added in 1789 as a promise to antifederalists -protect personal liberties

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