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Chapter 2

Communication, Culture, and Work. Chapter 2. What is culture?. Culture for most people is people from different national backgrounds.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Communication, Culture, and Work Chapter 2

  2. What is culture? • Culture for most people is people from different national backgrounds. • However, we will define culture as a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people.

  3. Common Cultural Factors that can Shape Communication • Race/ethnicity • Nationality/geographic region • Age • Physical ability/disability • Socioeconomic status • Gender identity • Language

  4. Cultural Differences in Doing Business • Formality • U.S. tends to be informal compared to almost all other countries • Social Customs • Greetings • Exchange of business cards • Gift giving • Styles of dress • Conservative dress

  5. Cultural differences • Time • Monochronic time-appointments are scheduled and adhered to. Tasks are performed one at a time in order. United States, North America, and Northern Europe. • Polychronic time-time takes a backseat to personal relationships. Meetings last as long as they last, varying degrees of lateness are acceptable. Mexico, Southern Europe, Middle East, and Africa

  6. Cultural differences • Conflict styles • U.S. businesspeople tend to be more aggressive, Mexican businesspeople tend to be more harmonious • Gender Roles • Asian and Muslim cultures tend to regard women as inferior and will omit them from conversation even if the woman outranks a man

  7. High-Context vs Low-Context • High-context cultures rely heavily on subtle, often nonverbal cues to convey meaning, save face, and maintain social harmony. Japan, Korea • Low-context cultures use language primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as clearly and logically as possible. United States, Canada

  8. Individualistic vs Collectivistic • Individualistic cultures are inclined to put their own interests and those of their immediate family ahead of social concerns. United States, New Zealand, Canada • Collectivistic cultures have tight social frameworks in which members feel loyalty toward one another and the group to which they belong. Pakistan, Indonesia, Venezuela

  9. Generations • Matures (1900-1945) strong sense of self-control, respect for authority, loyal to the organizations they belong to • Boomers (1946-1964) optimistic, can do belief in themselves and in the potential for positive change within organizations and society

  10. Generations • Generation X (1965-1982) independent, seeking work/life balance, loyal to people not organizations • Generation Y (1982-1991) hopeful, determined, can shift attention rapidly from task to task, may ignore what doesn’t interest them

  11. Disabilities • Americans with Disabilities Act(1990) seeks to guarantee that people with disabilities receive reasonable accommodations and equal access to employment, buildings, transportation and services.

  12. Interacting with people with disabilities • Speak directly to people with disabilities • Offer to shake hands • If you offer assistance, wait until it is accepted and the LISTEN to directions • Treat adults as adults • Listen attentively • Relax

  13. Attitudes about Cultural Differences • Denial-no perception of differences • Defense-hostility toward other cultures • Minimization-belief that cultural differences are superficial • Acceptance-recognition and exploration of differences • Adaptation-ability to empathize, shift frame of reference • Integration-recognizing and embracing differences

  14. Communicating across Cultures • Become culturally literate-

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