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U nited N ations C onvention on the R ights of P eople with D isabilities

IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING & MANAGEMENT OF AN INTEGRATED ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM : A PROPOSED GENERIC SYSTEM FOR MAJOR CITIES IN SOUTH ASIA TO MEET THE MANDATE OF UNCRPD.

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U nited N ations C onvention on the R ights of P eople with D isabilities

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  1. IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING & MANAGEMENT OF AN INTEGRATED ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM:A PROPOSED GENERIC SYSTEM FOR MAJOR CITIES IN SOUTH ASIA TO MEET THE MANDATE OF UNCRPD Sen, LalitaTexas Southern University, Houston, TX, USSen_LX@tsu.eduMajumdar, Sarmistha RinaTexas Southern University, Houston, TX, USmajumdars@tsu.edu

  2. United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities • Introduced concepts of inclusivity for the disabled • Emphasized access to education, employment, recreation using accessible transportation to • access schools/ educational institutions • access employment • access to recreation facilities

  3. Asian Countries who Signed and Ratified the UNCRPD

  4. Countries Selected for Focused Assessment of Accessible Transportation South Korea India Indonesia Nepal Pakistan

  5. South Korea • Seoul-capital city -24.5 million people out of the 50 million in the country • Access for Seniors and the disabled is somewhat limited • Braille signage at ticket counters, subway station entrances, and voice guide units to guide the blind to the platform • 50% of the buses are being made accessible for those with any mobility limitation • Access for the blind is being built and made available in 20 bus stations, with special pedestrian blocks in some subway platforms, & sidewalks.

  6. Public Transport http://www.asia-pacific-connections.com/transportation.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KTX_in_Seongjeongni_on_2005-09-05.jpg

  7. Accessible Walkway Design –South Korea http://southkoreaconnect.blogspot.com/2011/11/appreciating-sidewalks-in-south-korea.html http://southkoreaconnect.blogspot.com/2011/11/appreciating-sidewalks-in-south-korea.html

  8. South Korea……………Summary • Level of industrialization similar to Western European countries with well developed infra structure and service industry • Current Taxi for the disabledand free shuttle services serving specific communities will be integrated into one seamless accessible system. • Obstacle-free Zones are also planned in areas where the elderly and the disabled frequent such as welfare centers and hospitals • Its ability to meet the UNCRPD mandate is greater than any of the other remaining Asian countries.

  9. India • It had passed the PWD Act in 1995 prior to signing and ratifying UNCRPD (without any action) • All major cities have accessible aircraft embarking / disembarking methods serving all major airports where there are large volume of tourists • There are BRT corridors in Ahmedabad and Delhi • Delhi has Low floor buses and total accessible airport system, and metro rail system • Overhead bridges have been built to accommodate safe crossing across major thoroughfare but often are not accessible

  10. Transportation Options

  11. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trendsupdates.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/local-train-mumbai.jpghttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trendsupdates.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/local-train-mumbai.jpg http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://resources2.news.com.au/images/2012/05/01/1226343/216190-india-ferry.jp http://www.google.com/imgres?q=indira+gandhi+airport+terminal

  12. India ………………………….Summary • Indian Railways as the largest transport System, is yet to be made accessible. Access to trains or the toilets are not designed to accommodate the disabled. • Railway platforms in many cities are still not accessible • While many internationally known tourist sites have been made accessible through NGOs or ASI, many local sites of interest are not accessible as yet. • Lack of integration of engineering and planning activities. Accessible features need to meet UNCRPD’s mandates for not just the major cities, or tourist centers, all cities, and smaller towns through out the country

  13. Indonesia • Jakarta Transportation Council cites TransJakarta bus network, with its series of ramps leading to each shelter, as a step in the right direction • The disabled are unable to use the public trains in Central Jakarta, without help from their friends, as there are no ramps, elevators, signs in Braille, or prominently displayed, or running text for the deaf. • The “Barrier-Free Movement,” has earned the support of the Pedestrian Coalition, which seeks to ensure that pedestrians can walk the city’s streets safely and without hindrance.

  14. Public Transport in Indonesia http://www.ventanasvoyage.com/images/Indonesia%20selects%203/Java/Becak.gif http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JakartaTransjakartaBusspurInDerJalanSudirman.jpg (BRT system) Mini Bus in Jakarta http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia http://mbtaxi.com.au/public-transport-in-indonesia/

  15. Electric Train in Java, Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia Gambir Station elevated railway platform, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Below, on the left is Argo train that connect Jakarta with other cities in on the far center is the KRL Commuter linking Jakarta with suburb towns around Jakarta. Java island. Note the warning blocks and platform markings for the visually impaired Argo train in Gambir Station, Jakarta http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambir_Station_Platform_2.jpg

  16. Air and Water Travel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Makassar_airport1.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Klotok_with_passengers.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proa

  17. Indonesia…......Summary • “UNCRPD requires states to do several things, including forming a national mechanism to monitor and protect the implementation of the convention”..Enny Suprapto a former member of the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) • UNCRPDalso requires “States that had ratified it to appoint a body in the government to implement the convention” • To date implementation of the UNCRPD is not uppermost in the minds of the candidates running for office, for next year.

  18. Nepal • Although a signatory and has ratified UNCRPD, it has no accessible transportation features, other than the boarding and disembarking ramps at the airport at Kathmandu • To control road accidents, it has started fining pedestrians who cross the roads without using overhead nearby bridges Rs 50, and keeping them in detention of the Traffic Police for an hour. • The buses in Nepal are the primary form of public transportation with a high record of accidents / fatalities , due to terrain, lack of driver training . They are not low floor and inaccessible. • There is an inaccessible East-West 59 kilometer narrow gauge rail system from Janakpur, Nepal to Jainagar, in Bihar near the Indian border.

  19. Rail Bridge near Janakpur, Nepal http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Nepal_Railway.JPG

  20. Rail line from Janakpur, Nepal to Jainagar, Bihar (India)*http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Nepal_Railway.JPG

  21. Transport Modes in Nepal Around Cities & Country side Nepalhttp://www.google.com/search?q=buses+in+nepal&hl=en&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=QKdDUL-oK4_G6AHRkoDQAg&sqi=2&ved=0CDAQsAQ&biw=1024&bih=639

  22. Market in Bairawala, Nepalhttp://carolhummel.blogspot.com/2010_01_01_archive.html

  23. Religious sites in Nepal- Bhaktapur http://carolhummel.blogspot.com/2010_01_01_archive.html

  24. Bhaktapur, Nepalhttp://5monthsinnepal.blogspot.com/2009_12_01_archive.html

  25. Clean Energy Vehicles in Nepalhttp://cen.org.np/blog/ Photo at top is the electric trolley bus from Kathmandu to the satellite towns which ceased its operation around November 2008, due to gross mismanagement Safa Tempo’s (electric) in Kathmandu replaced the Vikram tempos on Diesel. There are 700 Safa tempos operating in more than 13 routes in Kathmandu. More than 95 percent of the electricity comes from hydropower, which is undoubtedly a clean source of energy. However accessibility is not a feature introduced into the design.

  26. BRT system in Nepal, via South Korea ?http://www.ekantipur.com/2012/07/29/opinion/expensive-dreams/357887.htm http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=38864 Recently, a Korean company was selected to carry out a feasibility study of the much-hyped metro train project in Kathmandu Valley. Around Rs. 70 million is being spent to carry out a study of 75 km of underground and elevated track. Kathmandu has huge potential to introduce BRT system in major truck routes with cleaner vehicle technology—preferably a trolley bus system. Considering the economic and geological condition of Kathmandu Valley, this is best for an affordable and efficient transit system like BRT. The degree of accessibility that may be planned remains unknown

  27. Nepal………………………….Summary • The rail system is being considered for expansion, with the ambitious idea of a north-south train linking China to India by rail. • Domestic political instability, with a coalition government include the Maoists, combined with the geopolitical influence of both China to the north and India to the south, have delayed changes to address UNCRPD • Little or no information is available on existing/ planned implementations under UNCRPD mandates if any • There are efforts to collaborate with other countries such as South Korea to bring about newer technologies to the pubic transport area, but does not appear to include UNCRPD mandates.

  28. IMPLEMENTING THE UNCRPD • Based on available data, it is clear that implementation of the mandates of the UNCRPD has occurred in various levels at each of the five Asian countries review • Integrated accessible system has not occurred any where, although South Korea is perhaps closest to achieving this • Monitoring is still essential • Management of the entire travel chain to ensure accessibility has not happened as yet and will take time

  29. Proposed Connection Between Research and Accessibility Policy in India Advisory Committees at all levels( City, towns, villages, panchayats etc) National Research Council State Transport Agency National Access Board University Grants Commission Highways Universities/ Research Institutes/Consultants National Integrated Inter-Modal Transport Agency Railways National Transport Safety Marine Transport Urban Transport Airport/Air Transport

  30. Concerns on Accessibility Issues • A need to appoint for monitoring by a volunteer group in each country • Need for accountability on schedule for implementing accessible services within reasonable time • Need for public input at hearing, discussions, and through websites. • Economic value of increased accessibility integrated into the trip chain is essential for full implementation of UNCRPD

  31. Thank you!

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