220 likes | 369 Views
Cross-Species Transmission of Avian Influenza (H5N1) to Humans. Thomas Thacker, B.S., PA-S Frank Romanelli, Pharm. D., MPH, BCPS. Why did the chicken cross the road?. HOW did the chicken cross the road?. Why should we care?. 1918 “Spanish” Flu Pandemic 1957 “Asian” Flu Pandemic
E N D
Cross-Species Transmission of Avian Influenza (H5N1) to Humans Thomas Thacker, B.S., PA-S Frank Romanelli, Pharm. D., MPH, BCPS
Why should we care? • 1918 “Spanish” Flu Pandemic • 1957 “Asian” Flu Pandemic • 1958 “Hong Kong” Flu Pandemic • 1997 Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Humans • “Bird” Flu Pandemic? • > 50% Mortality
Why should we care? • Avian influenza (H5N1) has caused more severe human infections than any other AIV • Avian Influenza (H5N1) Mutation? • Person-to-Person Transmission? • NO Human Immunity/NO Vaccine • High Rates of Dz & Mortality? • Resistance to Antivirals
Epidemiology • Transmission: direct, close, or indirect contact with infected birds or their biological products
Numerous Instances of Avian Influenza (H5N1) Infections in Humans
Modalities of Cross-Species Transmission of Avian Influenza (H5N1):
Leukopenia Lymphopenia Thrombocytopenia Elevated aminotransferases DIC Pancytopenia Hyperglycemia Elevated creatinine Infiltrates & consolidation on CXR Dx Findings Associated with Dz Caused by Avian Influenza (H5N1)
Management & Tx of Dz Caused by Avian Influenza (H5N1) • Mechanical ventilation • Intensive care • Corticosteroids • Empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics
Management & Tx of Dz Caused by Avian Influenza (H5N1) • Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir) • Relenza™ (zanamivir)
Prevention of Dz Caused by Avian Influenza (H5N1): GOOD HYGIENE
Recipe for an Avian Influenza (H5N1) Pandemic in Humans • Infect humans and cause Dz • Evoke an ineffective immune response • Spread from human to human? I had a little bird, Its name was Enza, I opened the window, And in-flu-enza. -Children’s Rhyme, 1918 “Spanish” Flu Pandemic