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Evolvement of US Urban System: Part III

Evolvement of US Urban System: Part III. Geo309 Urban Geography. Instructor: Jun Yan Geography Department SUNY at Buffalo. Last Class. Economic Functions in Urban Hierarchy: Globalization World cities Functional hierarchy in US New types of cities Demographic and Social Changes:

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Evolvement of US Urban System: Part III

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  1. Evolvement of US Urban System: Part III Geo309 Urban Geography Instructor: Jun Yan Geography Department SUNY at Buffalo

  2. Last Class • Economic Functions in Urban Hierarchy: Globalization • World cities • Functional hierarchy in US • New types of cities • Demographic and Social Changes: • The Bay Boomer: impact on urban residential structure and housing market • The elderly: sunbelt cities • The new immigration: shift from Europe to Asia and Latin America

  3. Outline • New Urban Geographies • Evolvement of US Urban System: Summary

  4. New Urban Geographies: Counterurbanization • Counterurbanization: • Population decreases in large urban centers • Non-metropolitan county growth • Rapid suburbanization • Classic Product-Cycle Model: • Changes on production process: fewer inputs of skilled labors, entrepreneurship, advanced technologies (standardization) • Less-sophisticated local population

  5. New Urban Geographies: Counterurbanization • Other contingent reasons: • Corporate reorganization and decentralization: carry-over from 1960s • Increased life quality in rural areas: some even better than urban area • Economic slowdown in 1970s: decline of industries • Counter-culture movement: close to nature • Retirement of ‘elderly’ people: resort/retirement areas

  6. New Urban Geographies: Deurbanization • Deurbanization: • Differences between Deurbanization and counterurbanization: deurbanization often associated with the decline of urban population, household, and land • Model of Urban Decline (Deurbanization): three-stages • Population decline: realized by counter-urbanization in 1970s • Household decline • Land decline

  7. New Urban Geographies: Deurbanization Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

  8. New Urban Geographies: Reurbanization • Reurbanization: • Gentrification in 1980s: counterurbanization played itself out • Non-metropolitan population decline was concentrated in interior states: decline of labor-intensive industries • New immigration patterns: favor large metropolitan areas

  9. Population Gain in Sunbelt Cities

  10. Summary • Foundation: economic changes • Trading/Agriculture  Manufacturing  Services • Competitive capitalism  Industrial capitalism  advanced capitalism • Changes in roles of labor, capital, information: labor-intensive  capital-intensive  technology-intensive  information industry • Economic long waves: expansion~contraction, every 55-55 yrs

  11. Summary (Cont.) • Technology: • Transportation: walking  horescar/steam river boat  railroad (iron, steel)  automobiles/interstate highways/air jets • Energy: hand power  running water/coal  oil/electricity nuclear/sun • Production/Transaction: Family-owned  Fordism/Taylorism Flexible Production System

  12. Summary (Cont.) • Evolvement of US Urban System: • Urban growth: number of cities, urban population, spatial distribution of cities • Roles of technology systems: coastal cities  river cities  a national urban system  globalization/a global urban system • Formation of urban hierarchal system: Rank Size Rule, CPT • Specialization and metropolitan consolidation: comparative advantage, initial advantages…

  13. Top 20 Cities

  14. Evolution of US Urban System

  15. Evolution of US Urban System 2 3 1 4 5

  16. Evolution of US Urban System Critical City Location in the “Land” Era, pre-1820 North America 1 3 Atlantic Ocean 2 4

  17. Evolution of US Urban System 3 2 4 1 4 3 4 1 2 3 4

  18. Urban Population: Animation

  19. Next Class • Begin to examine urbanization in term of the evolution city’s internal structure, form, function and land use. • The Commercial City (before 1840) • The Transitional City ( 1840-1875) • Reading: chp 4. pp 76~84

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