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Earth-Sun Relationships

Earth-Sun Relationships.  Earth’s Orientation. • Revolution – seasonal changes occur because Earth’s position relative to the sun continually changes as it travels along its orbit .

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Earth-Sun Relationships

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  1. Earth-Sun Relationships  Earth’s Orientation • Revolution – seasonal changes occur because Earth’s position relative to the sun continually changes as it travels along its orbit. • Rotation – the length of daylight compared to the length of darkness also is determined by Earth’s position in orbit.

  2. Tilt of Earth’s Axis

  3. Earth-Sun Relationships  Solstices and Equinoxes • The summer solstice is the solstice that occurs on June 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and is the “official” first day of summer. • The winter solstice is the solstice that occurs on December 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and is the “official” first day of winter.

  4. Earth-Sun Relationships  Solstices and Equinoxes • The autumnal equinox is the equinox that occurs on September 22 or 23 in the Northern Hemisphere. • The spring equinox is the equinox that occurs on March 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere.

  5. Solstices and Equinoxes

  6. Tides 16.2 Waves and Tides  Tides are daily changes in the elevation of the ocean surface. • Tide-Causing Forces • Ocean tides result from the gravitational attraction exerted upon Earth by the moon and, to a lesser extent, by the sun.

  7. Tide Bulges on Earth Caused by the Moon

  8. Tides 16.2 Waves and Tides  Tide Cycle • Tidal range is the difference in height between successive high and low tides. • Spring tides are tides that have the greatest tidal range due to the alignment of the Earth–moon–sun system. • Neap tides are tides that have the lowest tidal range, occurring near the times of the first-quarter and third-quarter phases of the moon.

  9. Earth–Moon–Sun Positionsand the Tides

  10. Tides 16.2 Waves and Tides  Tidal Patterns • Three main tidal patterns exist worldwide: • Diurnal tidal patterns have one high tide and one low tide per day • Semidiurnal tidal patterns exhibit two high tides and two low tides each day • Mixed tidal patterns are similar to a semidiurnal pattern except it is characterized by a large inequality in high water heights, low water heights, or both

  11. Circumference of Earth • You might be interested to know that the circumference of Earth is different depending on how you measure it. • The circumference around the equator is larger than around the poles • Around the equator = 40,075 km. • Around the poles = 40,007 km. • This is because Earth isn’t a perfect sphere; it bulges around the equator because of its rotation

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