#7 – Andrew Jackson

1. #7 – Andrew Jackson • Born: March 15, 1767 • Birthplace: Waxhaw area: North Carolina/South Carolina border • Political Party: Democratic • Term 2 (1829-1837) • Vice President: John C. Calhoun and Martin Van Buren • Nickname: “Old Hickory” • Children: two (adopted) • Died: June 8, 1845

2. #7 – Andrew Jackson • Served in the American revolutionary War as a messenger at age 13. He was captured, with his brother. Mother saves them both but his brother dies returning home. • 1787: at age 20 he studied law and was admitted to the bar. (lawyer)

3. #7 – Andrew Jackson • 1788: moved to the settlement of Nashville. (Tennessee was not a state yet) • 1791: Married Rachel Donelson Robards. Problem? • She was already married to Captain Robards. They thought that the divorce papers were already filed.

4. #7 – Andrew Jackson • 1794: Re-married after the divorce was final. • 1796: Elected as Tennessee’s first US Representative to Congress. • 1797-98: Elected a US Senator from Tennessee. • 1798: Had to quit as US Senator because of financial problems. • 1812-15: Began his military career. • Becomes a Major General in the War of 1812.

5. #7 – Andrew Jackson • March 27, 1814: Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Defeats the Creek Indians. • Creek Indians must surrender 23 million acres of land to the US. • Because of this defeat Jackson status is elevated to a “war hero” – to the south.

6. #7 – Andrew Jackson • January 8, 1815: Defeats the British at the Battle of New Orleans. 2,000 British soldiers were killed. Only 13 Americans were killed or wounded in the battle. A huge victory! • Continues as a “War Hero” – loved by the people

7. #7 – Andrew Jackson • 1817-1818: Commanded US troops in the Seminole Wars in Spanish Florida. • 1821: resigns from the military. Becomes the provisional Governor of Florida.

8. #7 – Andrew Jackson • 1823-25: Elected US Senator from Tennessee. • 1824: Tries to run for President. • He wins the popular vote. However, Nobody wins the majority of votes needed to be elected. • Who decides? • House of Representatives decides.

9. #7 – Andrew Jackson • “Corrupt Bargain”: John Quincy Adams , Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson all run for the Presidency. • Henry Clay backs out and tells his supporters in Congress to vote for John Quincy Adams. Adams in return would appoint him Secretary of State. John Quincy Adams wins the election. • Jackson is furious!

10. #7- Andrew Jackson • 1829-37: Elected the 7th US President.

11. #7 – Andrew Jackson • 1828: Tariff of Abominations passed during last year of Adams term. A protective tariff on all imports. Jackson now has to deal with the problem. • South threatens nullification and secession. (John C. Calhoun) They threatened to not follow Federal law. • Jackson threatens to use military force if the south does not follow the laws. • Compromise was made – smaller tariffs were made.

12. I Resign!

13. #7 – Andrew Jackson • 1830: Indian Removal Act is passed. This was money given from Congress to remove all Indians out of the US. • 1830: Treaty of Dancing Creek signed. The Choctaw Indians agree to be removed from their native lands. They cede 10.5 million acres to the US.

14. 1832: Black Hawk War in Illinois. US Army crushes the Native American forces that refused to be relocated to the Indian Territory.

15. 1832 Cherokee Nation V. Georgia: The state of Georgia wanted the Cherokee’s land because gold was discovered. The state of Georgia filed a lawsuit to force them to give the land up. The Supreme ruled that Georgia could not force them to leave, only the Federal government had that power. • However, Jackson stated “John Marshall has made his decision….Now let him enforce it.” – He ignored the ruling.

16. #7 – Andrew Jackson • 1835: Trail of Tears: The Cherokee Indians are forced from their Homeland. 16,000 Indians are forced to walk over 700 miles to a reservation in the Indian Territory. 4,000 died before they reached it.

17. 1835 : Second Seminole War: Many Florida Seminole Indians refused to leave there native lands. Jackson sends troops to take care of the problem. Lasted 7 years.

18. #7 – Andrew Jackson • 1835 :assassination attempt. • 1836: Jackson tries to dismantle the Bank of the United States. The bank bill is up for renewal. He vetoes the bill.

19. #7 – Andrew Jackson • Sets up “pet banks” – private banks. They issue too much paper money and inflation occurs which begins a depression.

20. # 7 – Andrew Jackson • Panic of 1837 – a huge depression. A result of the destruction of the national bank. 90% of all businesses in the East fail. • 1837: retires to his estate, the Hermitage, in Tennessee. • June 8, 1845: Dies. Buried next to his wife at the Hermitage. • "I have only two regrets: I didn't shoot Henry Clay and I didn't hang John C. Calhoun."

21. Interesting Facts: • 1832: Black Hawk War fought – (Chicago) • 1832: Telegraph invented. (Samuel Morse) • 1834: Whig party created. • 1835: Second Seminole War fought. • 1835: revolver is invented. (Samuel Colt) • 1836: Bank of the United States dismantled – Bill is not renewed.

22. 1836: Texas declares independence. Siege at the Alamo. • 1837: Panic of 1837 • States Admitted: (26) • 1836: Arkansas (25) – slave state • 1837: Michigan (26) – free state • 26 states in the Union. (13 free and 13 slave states)